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Biological effects of thyroid hormones

机译：甲状腺激素的生物效应

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The article presents the findings from the study on multifunctional effects of thyroid hormones in relation to normal and malignantly transformed tissues and cells. Both “rapid” and ?slow? effects of thyroid hormones including calorigenic effects and effects over adenylate cyclase – cAMP system have been described. Thyroxin (Т4) has been established capable to inhibit proliferation and to induce apoptosis of cells carrying Т4 receptors on their membranes as well as to change course of metabolic processes under its effect. Spectrum of Т4 targets is quite broad to include not only cells of hormone-producing organs, to name those of the breast and the colon, but also other types of cells to name melanin-containing ones; Т4 effects resulting in reconstruction of presentation of regulatory proteins on the cell membrane surface to ultimately activate the process of cell apoptosis. Our findings help determine alternative paths for hormonal regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis of cells of hormone-dependent tumors, breast cancer, in particular, upon impossibility to regulate the processes by conventional methods. This facilitates understanding mechanisms for activation of signal system of the breast cancer’s cells by hormones upon changes in expression of receptors on the cells’ surface, making possible development of novel strategy for replacement therapy of hormone-dependent tumors upon low efficacy of drug therapy.
机译：本文介绍了甲状腺激素对正常和恶性转化的组织和细胞的多功能作用的研究结果。既“快”又慢？已经描述了甲状腺激素的作用，包括致热作用和对腺苷酸环化酶-cAMP系统的作用。已经建立了甲状腺素（Т4），它能够抑制增殖并诱导膜上携带Т4受体的细胞凋亡，并在其作用下改变代谢过程。 Т4靶标的光谱范围很广，不仅包括荷尔蒙产生器官的细胞（包括乳房和结肠的细胞），还包括其他类型的含有黑色素的细胞。 Т4效应可导致调节蛋白在细胞膜表面的表达得以重建，从而最终激活细胞凋亡过程。我们的发现有助于确定激素依赖性肿瘤，乳腺癌的细胞增殖和细胞凋亡的激素调节的替代途径，特别是在无法通过常规方法调节过程时。这有助于了解在细胞表面受体表达变化时激素通过激素激活乳腺癌细胞信号系统的机制，从而有可能开发出药物治疗效果低下的激素依赖性肿瘤替代治疗新策略。

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