Background? Rates of physician burnout have increased in recent years, and high burnout levels are reported by physicians in training.;Objective? This review of the research on resident well-being seeks to identify factors associated with well-being, summarize well-being promotion interventions, and provide a framework for future research efforts.;Methods? Keywords were used to search PubMed, PsycINFO, and MEDLINE. Studies included were conducted between 1989 and 2014. The search yielded 82 articles, 26 which met inclusion criteria, and were assessed using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument.;Results? Articles measured resident well-being and associated factors, predictors, effects, barriers, as well as interventions to improve well-being. Factors identified in psychological well-being research—autonomy, building of competence, and strong social relatedness—are associated with resident well-being. Sleep and time away from work are associated with greater resident well-being. Perseverance is predictive of well-being, and greater well-being is associated with increased empathy. Interventions focused on health and coping skills appear to improve well-being, although the 3 studies that examined interventions were limited by small samples and single site administration.;Conclusions? An important step in evolving research in this area entails the development of a clear definition of resident well-being and a scale for measuring the construct. The majority (n?=?17, 65%) of existing studies are cross-sectional analyses of factors associated with well-being. The literature summarized in this review suggests future research should focus on factors identified in cross-sectional studies, including sleep, coping mechanisms, resident autonomy, building competence, and enhanced social relatedness.;Introduction Physicians spend 3 to 7 years of their young adulthood in residency. Levinson,1 an adult development researcher, described ages 28 to 33 specifically as the “Age 30 Transition,” a time to complete early adulthood with pursuit of aspirations, establishment of a niche in society, and raising a family. Yet, in residency training, inherent structural constraints present barriers to satisfactory progression through this developmental stage. The intensity of training also is associated with significant reduction in well-being markers in residents, including sleep, exercise, family interactions, religious activity, and an increase in missing significant events.2 Well-being deficits that develop during residency also are present in practicing physicians. Satisfaction with work-life balance declined (48.5% versus 40.9%, P?
展开▼
