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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Cancer Research and Treatment >Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A focus on Risk Factors, Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis and Possible Lines of Management
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Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A focus on Risk Factors, Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis and Possible Lines of Management

机译：急性髓细胞性白血病：关注危险因素，临床表现，诊断和可能的治疗方案

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The aim of this review was to shed light on the epidemiology, classification, possible risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis and possible lines of management of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). AML is one of the malignancies originating from the myeloid line of blood cells. It is characterized by rapid growth of abnormal white blood cells that build up in the bone marrow and interfere with production of normal blood cells. It is the most common acute leukemia affecting adults, and its incidence increases with age. Several risk factors and chromosomal abnormalities have been identified in AML. AML has several subtypes which determine the suitable lines of treatment and the overall prognosis. AML involves a high percentage of dedifferentiated and undifferentiated cells, including more myeloblasts, monoblasts and megakaryoblasts. Symptoms of AML are variable, including fatigue, shortness of breath, easy bruising and bleeding with increased risk of infections. AML is treated initially with chemotherapy to induce remission. Then, patients may receive additional chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In conclusion, AML is the most common type of acute leukemia in adults which is usually precipitated by mutations in the genes involved in hematopoietic proliferation and differentiation and its main lines of treatment remain combination of cytarabine- and anthracycline-based regimens with allogeneic stem cell transplantation for eligible patients.
机译：这篇综述的目的是阐明急性髓细胞性白血病（AML）的流行病学，分类，可能的危险因素，临床表现，诊断和可能的治疗方法。 AML是起源于血细胞髓系的恶性肿瘤之一。其特征在于异常白细胞的快速生长，这些异常白细胞在骨髓中积累并干扰正常血细胞的产生。它是影响成年人的最常见的急性白血病，其发病率随着年龄的增长而增加。 AML中已发现几种危险因素和染色体异常。 AML有几种亚型，它们决定了合适的治疗方案和总体预后。 AML涉及高百分比的去分化和未分化细胞，包括更多的成肌细胞，单核细胞和巨核细胞。 AML的症状多种多样，包括疲劳，呼吸急促，容易瘀伤和出血，感染风险增加。 AML最初接受化学疗法治疗以诱导缓解。然后，患者可能会接受其他化学疗法或造血干细胞移植。总之，AML是成年人中最常见的急性白血病，通常是由造血细胞增殖和分化相关基因的突变引起的，其主要治疗方法仍然是基于阿糖胞苷和蒽环类的疗法以及同种异体干细胞移植的组合。适用于合格的患者。

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