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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Microbiology >Growth of Myxococcus xanthus in Continuous-Flow-Cell Bioreactors as a Method for Studying Development
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Growth of Myxococcus xanthus in Continuous-Flow-Cell Bioreactors as a Method for Studying Development

机译：黄曲霉在连续流动细胞生物反应器中的生长作为研究发育的方法

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Nutrient sensors and developmental timers are two classes of genes vital to the establishment of early development in the social soil bacterium Myxococcus xanthus . The products of these genes trigger and regulate the earliest events that drive the colony from a vegetative state to aggregates, which ultimately leads to the formation of fruiting bodies and the cellular differentiation of the individual cells. In order to more accurately identify the genes and pathways involved in the initiation of this multicellular developmental program in M. xanthus , we adapted a method of growing vegetative populations within a constant controllable environment by using flow cell bioreactors, or flow cells. By establishing an M. xanthus community within a flow cell, we are able to test developmental responses to changes in the environment with fewer concerns for effects due to nutrient depletion or bacterial waste production. This approach allows for greater sensitivity in investigating communal environmental responses, such as nutrient sensing. To demonstrate the versatility of our growth environment, we carried out time-lapse confocal laser scanning microscopy to visualize M. xanthus biofilm growth and fruiting body development, as well as fluorescence staining of exopolysaccharides deposited by biofilms. We also employed the flow cells in a nutrient titration to determine the minimum concentration required to sustain vegetative growth. Our data show that by using a flow cell, M. xanthus can be held in a vegetative growth state at low nutrient concentrations for long periods, and then, by slightly decreasing the nutrient concentration, cells can be allowed to initiate the developmental program.
机译：营养传感器和发育定时器是两类基因，它们对建立社会土壤细菌粘瘤线虫的早期发育至关重要。这些基因的产物触发并调节最早的事件，使菌落从营养状态发展到聚集状态，最终导致子实体的形成和单个细胞的细胞分化。为了更准确地鉴定出黄花木兰这一多细胞发育程序的启动所涉及的基因和途径，我们采用了流通池生物反应器或流通池，采用了一种在恒定可控环境中生长营养种群的方法。通过在流动池中建立黄腐霉菌群落，我们能够测试对环境变化的发育响应，而对营养物耗竭或细菌废物产生的影响的关注较少。这种方法在调查公共环境响应（例如营养感测）时可以提高敏感性。为了证明我们的生长环境的多功能性，我们进行了延时共聚焦激光扫描显微镜，以目测黄原花生物膜的生物膜生长和子实体发育，以及生物膜沉积的胞外多糖的荧光染色。我们还采用了营养滴定法中的流通池来确定维持营养生长所需的最低浓度。我们的数据表明，通过使用流通池，黄连木可以在低营养水平下长期保持在营养生长状态，然后，通过略微降低营养水平，可以使细胞启动发育程序。

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