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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Microbiology >Distribution and Characterization of Salmonella enterica Isolates from Irrigation Ponds in the Southeastern United States
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Distribution and Characterization of Salmonella enterica Isolates from Irrigation Ponds in the Southeastern United States

机译：美国东南部灌溉池塘沙门氏菌分离株的分布和特征

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Irrigation water has been implicated as a likely source of produce contamination by Salmonella enterica . Therefore, the distribution of S. enterica was surveyed monthly in irrigation ponds ( n = 10) located within a prime agricultural region in southern Georgia and northern Florida. All ponds and 28.2% of all samples ( n = 635) were positive for Salmonella , with an overall geometric mean concentration (0.26 most probable number [MPN]/liter) that was relatively low compared to prior reports for rivers in this region. Salmonella peaks were seasonal; the levels correlated with increased temperature and rainfall ( P < 0.05). The numbers and occurrence were significantly higher in water (0.32 MPN/liter and 37% of samples) than in sediment (0.22 MPN/liter and 17% of samples) but did not vary with depth. Representative isolates ( n = 185) from different ponds, sample types, and seasons were examined for resistance to 15 different antibiotics; most strains were resistant to streptomycin (98.9%), while 20% were multidrug resistant (MDR) for 2 to 6 antibiotics. DiversiLab repetitive extragenic palindromic-element sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) revealed genetic diversity and showed 43 genotypes among 191 isolates, as defined by >95% similarity. The genotypes did not partition by pond, season, or sample type. Genetic similarity to known serotypes indicated Hadar, Montevideo, and Newport as the most prevalent. All ponds achieved the current safety standards for generic Escherichia coli in agricultural water, and regression modeling showed that the E. coli level was a significant predictor for the probability of Salmonella occurrence. However, persistent populations of Salmonella were widely distributed in irrigation ponds, and the associated risks for produce contamination and subsequent human exposure are unknown, supporting continued surveillance of this pathogen in agricultural settings.
机译：灌溉水被认为可能是肠沙门氏菌污染农产品的源头。因此，每月都要对佐治亚州南部和佛罗里达州北部主要农业区的灌溉池塘（n = 10）中的肠炎沙门氏菌进行调查。所有池塘和所有样本中的28.2％（n = 635）均为沙门氏菌阳性，总的几何平均浓度（0.26最可能值[MPN] /升）与该地区以前的河流报道相比相对较低。沙门氏菌高峰是季节性的。水平与温度和降雨增加相关（P <0.05）。在水中的数量和发生率（0.32 MPN /升，占样品的37％）显着高于在沉积物中（0.22 MPN /升，占样品的17％），但没有随深度变化。检查了来自不同池塘，样品类型和季节的代表性分离株（n = 185）对15种不同抗生素的抗性;大多数菌株对链霉素有抗药性（98.9％），而有20％对2至6种抗生素具有多重耐药性（MDR）。 DiversiLab重复的基于外源回文元素序列的PCR（rep-PCR）显示了遗传多样性，并显示191个分离株中有43个基因型，定义为> 95％相似性。基因型没有按池塘，季节或样品类型划分。与已知血清型的遗传相似性表明，哈达尔，蒙得维的亚和纽波特是最流行的。所有池塘均达到了农业用水中通用大肠杆菌的当前安全标准，并且回归模型显示，大肠杆菌水平是沙门氏菌发生可能性的重要预测指标。然而，沙门氏菌的持久种群广泛分布在灌溉池塘中，产生农产品污染和随后人类接触的相关风险尚不清楚，这支持在农业环境中对该病原体的持续监测。

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