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Entamoeba histolytica Encodes Unique Formins, a Subset of Which Regulates DNA Content and Cell Division

机译:Entamoeba histolytica编码独特的Formins,其子集调节DNA含量和细胞分裂

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The formin family of proteins mediates dynamic changes in actin assembly in eukaryotes, and therefore it is important to understand the function of these proteins in Entamoeba histolytica, where actin forms the major cytoskeletal network. In this study we have identified the formin homologs encoded in the E. histolytica genome based on sequence analysis. Using multiple tools, we have analyzed the primary sequences of the eight E. histolytica formins and discovered three subsets: (i) E. histolytica formin-1 to -3 (Ehformin-1 to -3), (ii) Ehformin-4, and (iii) Ehformin-5 to -8. Two of these subsets (Ehformin-1 to -3 and Ehformin-4) showed significant sequence differences from their closest homologs, while Ehformin-5 to -8 were unique among all known formins. Since Ehformin-1 to -3 showed important sequence differences from Diaphanous-related formins (DRFs), we have studied the functions of Ehformin-1 and -2 in E. histolytica transformants. Like other DRFs, Ehformin-1 and -2 associated with F-actin in response to serum factors, in pseudopodia, in pinocytic and phagocytic vesicles, and at cell division sites. Ehformin-1 and -2 also localized with the microtubular assembly in the nucleus, indicating their involvement in genome segregation. While increased expression of Ehformin-1 and -2 did not affect phagocytosis or motility, it clearly showed an increase in the number of binucleated cells, the number of nuclei in multinucleated cells, and the average DNA content of each nucleus, suggesting that these proteins regulate both mitosis and cytokinesis in E. histolytica.
机译:蛋白质的formin家族介导了真核生物中肌动蛋白组装过程的动态变化,因此重要的是要了解这些蛋白在组织溶菌中的作用,其中肌动蛋白是主要的细胞骨架网络。在这项研究中,我们确定了 E中编码的formin同源物。基于序列分析的组织溶菌基因组使用多种工具,我们分析了八个 E的主要序列。 histolytica 组蛋白,发现了三个子集:(i) E。溶菌酶(forhist-1)formin-1至-3(Ehformin-1至-3),(ii)Ehformin-4和(iii)Ehformin-5至-8。这些亚型中的两个(Ehformin-1至-3和Ehformin-4)显示出与其最接近的同源物之间的显着序列差异,而Ehformin-5至-8在所有已知的formin中是唯一的。由于Ehformin-1至-3与透照相关的formins(DRF)表现出重要的序列差异,因此我们研究了Ehformin-1和-2在 E中的功能。组织溶菌转化子。像其他DRF一样,Ehformin-1和-2与F-肌动蛋白结合,可响应血清因子,假足,胞吞和吞噬小泡以及细胞分裂部位。 Ehformin-1和-2也位于细胞核中的微管装配中,表明它们参与基因组分离。尽管Ehformin-1和-2的表达增加并不影响吞噬作用或运动性,但它清楚地表明双核细胞的数量,多核细胞中的核数量以及每个核的平均DNA含量均增加,表明这些蛋白调节 E中的有丝分裂和胞质分裂。组织溶菌

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