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Different processing strategies underlie voluntary averaging in low and high noise

机译：在低噪声和高噪声中，自愿平均的基础是不同的处理策略

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Abstract Abstract: Abstract?? An underlying assumption of the external noise paradigm is that the same processing strategy operates whether the dominating noise source comes from the observer (i.e., internal) or the stimulus (i.e., external). Here, we challenged this noise-invariant processing assumption for a particular variant of the external noise paradigma??the voluntary averaging paradigma??where processing is characterized by the efficiency of averaging across the samples. The task consisted in discriminating the mean orientation of four distinctly perceived Gabors, and the external noise corresponded to orientation-jitter added to these Gabors. The averaging efficiencies for the four-sample case were measured by comparing discrimination thresholds of the average orientation of four Gabors to a baseline with a single Gabor. In high noise, orientation discrimination thresholds were better when 4 Gabors rather than 1 were presented, showing efficient averaging. But in absence of external noise, presenting four identically oriented Gabors rather than one did not improve performance, showing that subjects no longer averaged the individual estimates. We conclude that the averaging process operating in high noise does not operate in low noise because there is no reason to voluntarily average stimuli that appear identical. This conclusion implies that the processing strategy can change depending on the external noise level, an implication which violates the noise-invariant processing assumption underlying the averaging paradigm.
机译：摘要摘要：摘要？外部噪声范例的基本假设是，无论主要的噪声源是来自观察者（即内部）还是来自刺激（即外部），相同的处理策略都会起作用。在此，我们对外部噪声范式的特定变体（即自愿平均范式）的这种噪声不变的处理假设提出了挑战，其中处理的特征在于对样本进行平均的效率。任务在于区分四个明显感知到的Gabors的平均方向，并且外部噪声与添​​加到这些Gabors上的方向抖动相对应。通过将四个Gabor的平均方向的辨别阈值与单个Gabor的基线的比较阈值进行比较，来测量四个样本的平均效率。在高噪声下，当提出4个Gabors而不是1个Gabors时，方向识别阈值会更好，这表明有效的平均。但是在没有外部噪声的情况下，提出四个方向相同的伽柏斯而不是一个不会改善性能，这表明受试者不再平均各个估计的平均值。我们得出的结论是，在高噪声下运行的平均过程不会在低噪声下运行，因为没有理由自愿对看起来相同的刺激进行平均。该结论暗示处理策略可以根据外部噪声水平而改变，这暗示了违背平均范例基础的不变噪声处理假设。

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