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首页> 外文期刊>Frontiers in Neurology >Beyond Metabolism: The Complex Interplay Between Dietary Phytoestrogens, Gut Bacteria, and Cells of Nervous and Immune Systems
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Beyond Metabolism: The Complex Interplay Between Dietary Phytoestrogens, Gut Bacteria, and Cells of Nervous and Immune Systems

机译：超越新陈代谢：膳食植物雌激素，肠道细菌和神经和免疫系统细胞之间的复杂相互作用

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The human body has a large, diverse community of microorganisms which not only coexist with us, but also perform many important physiological functions, including metabolism of dietary compounds that we are unable to process ourselves. Furthermore, these bacterial derived/induced metabolites have the potential to interact and influence not only the local gut environment, but the periphery via interaction with and modulation of cells of the immune and nervous system. This relationship is being further appreciated every day as the gut microbiome is researched as a potential target for immunomodulation. A common feature among inflammatory diseases including relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) is the presence of gut microbiota dysbiosis when compared to healthy controls. However, the specifics of these microbiota-neuro-immune system interactions remain unclear. Among all factors, diet has emerged as a strongest factor regulating structure and function of gut microbial community. Phytoestrogens are one class of dietary compounds emerging as potentially being of interest in this interaction as numerous studies have identified depletion of phytoestrogen-metabolizing bacteria such as Adlercreutzia, Parabacteroides and Prevotella in RRMS patients. Additionally, phytoestrogens or their metabolites have been reported to show protective effects when compounds are administered in the animal model of MS, Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE). In this review, we will illustrate the link between MS and phytoestrogen metabolizing bacteria, characterize the importance of gut bacteria and their mechanisms of action in the production of phytoestrogen metabolites, and discuss what is known about the interactions of specific compounds with cells immune and nervous system. A better understanding of gut bacteria-mediated phytoestrogen metabolism and mechanisms through which these metabolites facilitate their biological actions will help in development of novel therapeutic options for MS as well as other inflammatory diseases.
机译：人体具有一个庞大，多样化的微生物，不仅与我们共存，而且还表现出许多重要的生理功能，包括我们无法处理自己的膳食化合物的代谢。此外，这些细菌衍生/诱导的代谢物具有相互作用和影响的可能性，而且不仅通过与免疫和神经系统的细胞相互作用和调节的周边。随着肠道微生物组被研究作为免疫调节的潜在目标，每天正在进一步欣赏这种关系。与健康对照相比，炎症性疾病包括复发尿布多发性硬化症（RRMS）的常见特征是存在肠道微生物生物症的存在。然而，这些微生物群 - 神经免疫系统相互作用的细节仍然尚不清楚。在所有因素中，饮食已成为调节结构和肠道微生物群落的最强因素。植物雌激素是一类膳食化合物，因为许多研究潜在对这种相互作用感兴趣的饮食化合物，因为许多研究鉴定了植物雌激素代谢细菌，如患者患者患者患者，粉末曲线菌和PREVOTA。此外，据报道，当在MS的动物模型中施用化合物，实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎（EAE）时，据报道，植物雌激素或其代谢物显示出保护效果。在本综述中，我们将说明MS和植物雌激素代谢细菌之间的联系，表征肠道细菌的重要性及其在植物雌激素代谢物中产生的作用机制，并讨论了关于特定化合物与细胞免疫和神经的相互作用所知的内容系统。更好地了解肠道细菌介导的植物雌激素代谢和机制，这些代谢物促进其生物行动将有助于开发MS和其他炎症疾病的新疗效。

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