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首页> 外文期刊>South-East European Forestry >Use of a Common Garden Experiment in Selecting Adapted Beech Provenances for Artificial Stand Restoration
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Use of a Common Garden Experiment in Selecting Adapted Beech Provenances for Artificial Stand Restoration

机译：使用共同的园艺实验在选择适应的山毛榉饲料中选择

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Increased frequency of extreme weather events has seriously affected forestry operations in south-eastern Europe. A precondition for effective artificial restoration of disturbed forest stands is site-adapted forest reproductive material (FRM). Common garden experiments (provenance trials) may assist in selecting such FRM. The main objective of this study was to establish among-provenance variation pattern using data from a beech provenance trial. Usefulness of the results in selecting seed sources for restoration of European beech stands is discussed. The trial was set up in 2007, at a slope of Medvednica mount facing north-west at 730-750 m above sea level. Plant heights were measured and survival scored in 2008 and 2015. Height increments were calculated and processed to determine variance components due to various effects. Highly significant provenance-by-block interaction was revealed, indicating strong microsite effects on provenance performances. Therefore, corrections were made and provenance mean height increments recalculated. Provenance mean height increment multiplied with survival was used as a measure of a provenance’s adaptedness. Regression tree (RT) analysis was used to determine the pattern of among-provenance variations. A set of provenance clusters was grown using climatic variables related to the provenance stands of origin as criteria. All analyzed effects were significant (provenance: F=2.07, p0.05; block: F=5.07, p0.05; provenance by block interaction: F=7.32, p0.001). Data corrections reduced the interaction effect, thereby increasing reliability of calculated provenance adaptedness indices (AI). Provenances were grouped into 4 clusters due to elevation, mean July temperature and summer heat-to-moisture index (SHM). Cluster 4, containing provenances from the highest altitudes (750m), had the highest mean AI (143.9±8.4 cm). The lowest mean AI (106.7±14.8 cm) had cluster 1, containing provenances from lower altitudes with lower mean July temperatures (≤18.4°C). Provenances originating from lower elevations with higher mean July temperatures (18.4°C) were further divided into two clusters due to the SHM variable. Cluster 2 had the second highest mean AI (141.2±1.5 cm) and contained provenances from relatively wetter habitats (SHM≤48.2). Cluster 3, containing provenances from relatively arid habitats (SHM48.2), had significantly lower mean AI (116.8±8.6 cm). Established among-provenance variation pattern might be used as a tool in selecting seed sources for artificial restoration of beech stands at mount Medvednica. It is advisable to use FRM from higher altitudes and/or from slightly lower altitudes (up to 150 m lower than a restoring site) but featured with warmer and drier conditions compared to the trial. Generally, provenance trials should be utilized as a valuable decision tool in restoring disturbed forest stands but may also be misleading if not well designed and analyzed.
机译：极端天气事件的频率增加严重影响了东南欧的林业业务。有效人工恢复的前提是受扰动的森林站点的现场适应森林生殖材料（FRM）。常见的庭院实验（出货试验）可以有助于选择这种FRM。本研究的主要目的是使用来自山毛榉物源试验的数据建立出来的变化模式。讨论了选择用于恢复欧洲山毛榉木山脉的种子来源的有用性。该试验于2007年成立，位于海拔730-750米的梅德文具山坡上，位于海拔730-750米。测量植物高度并在2008年和2015年进行存活率。计算和处理高度增量以确定由于各种效果导致的方差分量。揭示了高度显着的出种相互作用，表明对出处性能的强烈影响。因此，进行了校正，并提供了重新计算的校正平均值。出处意味着高度增量乘以存活作为出现的衡量标准。回归树（RT）分析用于确定出现异常变异的模式。使用与原产地的神源相关的气候变量作为标准的气候变量来生长一组神源。所有分析的效果都很显着（出来：F = 2.07，P <0.05;块：F = 5.07，P <0.05;通过嵌段相互作用来源：F = 7.32，P <0.001）。数据校正减少了相互作用效果，从而提高了计算出的出处适应性指数（AI）的可靠性。由于升高，杂粮被分成4个群集，意味着7月温度和夏季热到湿度指数（SHM）。群集4，含有最高海拔（> 750米）的种植，具有最高的平均值AI（143.9±8.4厘米）。最低平均值（106.7±14.8cm）的簇1，含有较低平均七月温度（≤18.4°C）的较低海拔的种植。由于SHM变量，进一步分成了较高平均7月温度（> 18.4°C）的较高平均温度的较高升高的杂种。群集2具有第二个最高平均值（141.2±1.5厘米），含有相对潮湿的栖息地（SHM≤48.2）的杂散。群体3，含有相对干旱的栖息地（SHM> 48.2）的群体，具有显着低的平均值（116.8±8.6厘米）。建立的来源变化模式可以用作选择在Mount Medvednica的人工恢复种子源的工具。建议使用从较高的高度和/或略低于较低的高度（低于恢复站点的150米）使用FRM，但与试验相比，温暖和干燥条件。通常，出处试验应用作恢复受扰动的森林的有价值的决策工具，但如果没有精心设计和分析，也可能是误导性的。

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