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首页> 外文期刊>Scientific reports. >Pyrometamorphic process of ceramic composite materials in pottery production in the Bronze/Iron Age of the Northern Caucasus (Russia)
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Pyrometamorphic process of ceramic composite materials in pottery production in the Bronze/Iron Age of the Northern Caucasus (Russia)

机译：陶瓷陶瓷复合材料在北高加索铜/铁时代陶瓷复合材料的热测摩过程（俄罗斯）

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Pyrotechnology for the prehistoric pottery has been an important subject for the study of ancient production technology and technological styles. However, heterogeneous characteristics in chemical and mineralogical compositions and massive amounts of ceramic sherds at most archaeological sites make it difficult to identify production technologies. In this study, SEM-EDS/WDS, XRD and transmittance and reflectance FT-IR techniques were employed step by step, in order to overcome these limitations. The serial combination of each method covers a macro-, meso- and micro-scale and it enabled us to identify the relationship between firing temperature, reducing or oxidizing atmosphere and thermally induced mobility of Ca and Fe. Numerous ceramic pottery sherds from two archaeological sites in the North Caucasus, Ransyrt 1 (Middle-Late Bronze Age) and Kabardinka 2 (Late Bronze/Early Iron Age) were investigated and compared to the ceramics found at Levinsadovka and Saf'janovo around the Sea of Azov, Russia (Late/Final Bronze Age) for this purpose. Morphological changes by sintering and transformation of indicator minerals such as calcite, hematite, spinel, gehlenite, quartz and cis/trans-vacant 1M illite provide temperature thresholds at 675, 700, 750, 950, 1050, 1100, 1300?°C. With the laboratory based FT-IR, vibrational changes in shape, wavenumber and intensity corresponding to Si-O stretching bands yield an order and classification of the ceramics with regard to firing conditions between the samples as well as the unraveling of temperature profiles within a single sample in a 100?μm scale. With this approach, the number of archaeological ceramics could be classified according to the pyrometamorphic transformation of heterogeneous ceramic composite materials. Combined with the archaeological contexts of each site, these results will contribute to the reconstruction of local technological styles.
机译：史前陶器的烟火技术一直是古代生产技术和技术风格研究的重要主题。然而，在大多数考古部位的化学和矿物学组合物中的异质特性和大量考古位点的陶瓷陶瓷使得难以识别生产技术。在该研究中，通过步骤采用SEM-EDS / WDS，XRD和透射率和反射FT-IR技术，以克服这些限制。每种方法的串行组合涵盖了宏观，中间和微级，它使我们能够识别烧制温度，减少或氧化气氛之间的关系和热诱导的Ca和Fe的迁移率。来自北高加索的两个考古遗址的众多陶瓷陶器，Ransyrt 1（晚期青铜时代）和Kabardinka 2（晚期古铜色/早期铁代时）进行了调查，并与在海洋周围的Savinsadovka和Saf'janovo发现的陶瓷相比Azov，俄罗斯（迟到/最终青铜时代）为此目的。通过烧结和转化的形态学改变，如方解石，赤铁矿，尖晶石，葛兰素，石英和顺式/反式空置1M istrite在675,700,750,950,1050,1100,1300Ω·℃下提供温度阈值。利用实验室的FT-IR，与Si-O拉伸带对应的形状，波数和强度的振动变化产生了在样品之间的烧制条件以及在单个中的温度曲线上解开的烧制条件的陶瓷的顺序和分类样品以100Ωμm刻度。利用这种方法，可以根据异质陶瓷复合材料的热测摩转化来分类考古陶瓷的数量。结合每个网站的考古背景，这些结果将有助于重建当地技术风格。

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