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Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles as a Versatile Tool in Vaccine Research and the Fight against Antimicrobial Resistance

机译：细菌外膜囊泡作为疫苗研究中的通用工具和抗菌抗性抗性抗性

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ABSTRACT Gram-negative bacteria include a number of pathogens that cause disease in humans and animals. Although antibiotics are still effective in treating a considerable range of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, the alarming increase of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) induced by excessive use of antibiotics has raised global concerns. Therefore, alternative strategies must be developed to prevent and treat bacterial infections and prevent the advent of a postantibiotic era. Vaccines, one of the greatest achievements in the history of medical science, hold extraordinary potential to prevent bacterial infections and thereby reduce the need for antibiotics. Novel bacterial vaccines are urgently needed, however, and outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), naturally produced by Gram-negative bacteria, represent a promising and versatile tool that can be employed as adjuvants, antigens, and delivery platforms in the development of vaccines against Gram-negative bacteria. Here, we provide an overview of the many roles OMVs can play in vaccine development and the mechanisms behind these applications. Methods to improve OMV yields and a comparison of different strategies for OMV isolation aiming at cost-effective production of OMV-based vaccines are also reviewed.
机译：摘要革兰氏阴性细菌包括许多病原体导致人类和动物疾病。虽然抗生素仍然有效地治疗由革兰氏阴性细菌引起的相当大的感染，但通过过度使用抗生素诱导的抗菌性抗性（AMR）的惊人增加提高了全球担忧。因此，必须开发替代策略以预防和治疗细菌感染，并预防Postantibiotic时代的出现。疫苗是医学史上的最大成就之一，持有预防细菌感染的巨大潜力，从而降低了对抗生素的需求。然而，迫切需要新的细菌疫苗，并且通过革兰氏阴性细菌天然产生的外膜囊泡（OMV）代表了可用作辅助剂，抗原和交付平台的有前途和多功能的工具，其在革兰氏草的发育中 - 细菌。在这里，我们提供了许多角色ofvs可以在疫苗开发和这些应用背后的机制中发挥的概述。还综述了改善OMV产量的方法和针对旨在经济高效生产OMV基疫苗的不同策略的比较。

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