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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Microbiology >Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Gene Cluster: Prediction of Enterotoxin (SEG and SEI) Production and of the Source of Food Poisoning on the Basis of vSaβ Typing
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Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Gene Cluster: Prediction of Enterotoxin (SEG and SEI) Production and of the Source of Food Poisoning on the Basis of vSaβ Typing

机译：葡萄球菌肠毒素基因簇：在VSAβ打字的基础上预测肠毒素（SEG和SEI）的生产和食物中毒来源

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Currently, only 5 (SEA to SEE) out of 27 known staphylococcal enterotoxins can be analyzed using commercially available kits. Six genes ( seg , sei , sem , sen , seo , and seu ), encoding putative and undetectable enterotoxins, are located on the enterotoxin gene cluster ( egc ), which is part of the Staphylococcus aureus genomic island v Saβ. These enterotoxins have been described as likely being involved in staphylococcal food-poisoning outbreaks. The aim of the present study was to determine if whole-genome data can be used for the prediction of staphylococcal egc enterotoxin production, particularly enterotoxin G (SEG) and enterotoxin I (SEI). For this purpose, whole-genome sequences of 75 Staphylococcus aureus strains from different origins (food-poisoning outbreaks, human, and animal) were investigated by applying bioinformatics methods (phylogenetic analysis using the core genome and different alignments). SEG and SEI expression was tested in vitro using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Strains could be allocated to 14 different v Saβ types, each type being associated with a single clonal complex (CC). In addition, the v Saβ type and CC were associated with the origin of the strain (human or cattle derived). The amount of SEG and SEI produced also correlated with the v Saβ type and the CC of a strain. The present results show promising indications that the in vitro production of SEG and SEI can be predicted based on the v Saβ type or CC of a strain.IMPORTANCE Besides having infectious properties in human and animals, S. aureus can produce different enterotoxins in food. The enterotoxins can cause vomiting and diarrhea, often involving many people. Most of these outbreaks remain undiscovered, as detection methods for enterotoxins are only available for a few enterotoxins but not for the more recently discovered enterotoxins G (SEG) and I (SEI). In this study, we show promising results that in vitro production of SEG and SEI can be predicted based on the whole-genome sequencing data of a strain. In addition, these data could be used to find the source (human or cattle derived) of an outbreak strain, which is the key for a better understanding of the role SEG and SEI play in foodborne outbreaks caused by S. aureus .
机译：目前，可以使用可商购的试剂盒分析27个已知的葡萄球菌肠毒素中的5个（海水）。六个基因（SEG，SEI，SEM，SEN，SEO和SEU），编码推定和未检测到的肠毒素，位于肠毒素基因簇（EGC）上，这是金黄色葡萄球菌基因组岛VSAβ的一部分。这些肠毒素已被描述为可能参与葡萄球菌食物中毒爆发。本研究的目的是确定全基因组数据是否可用于预测金葡萄球菌EGC肠毒素产生，特别是肠毒素G（SEG）和肠毒素I（SEI）。为此目的，通过施加生物信息化方法（使用核心基因组和不同的比对）来研究来自不同起源（食物中毒爆发，人和动物）的75个葡萄球菌金黄色葡萄球菌菌株的全基因组序列。使用夹心酶联免疫吸附测定法在体外测试SEG和SEI表达。可以将菌株分配给14种不同的VSAβ类型，每种类型与单个克隆复合物（CC）相关联。此外，VSAβ型和CC与应变的起源有关（人或牛衍生）。产生的SEG和SEI的量也与VSAβ型和菌株的CC相关。本结果表明，有希望基于菌株的VSAβ型或CC来预测SEG和SEI的体外产生。除了在人类和动物中具有传染性的传染性，S. aureus可以在食物中产生不同的肠毒素。肠毒素会导致呕吐和腹泻，往往涉及许多人。这些爆发中的大部分仍然是未被发现的，因为肠毒素的检测方法仅适用于几种肠毒素，但不是最近发现的肠毒素G（SEG）和I（SEI）。在这项研究中，我们表明有希望的结果，可以基于菌株的全基因组测序数据来预测SEG和SEI的体外产生。此外，这些数据可用于找到爆发菌株的源（人或牛衍生），这是更好地了解SEG和SEI在S.金黄色葡萄球菌造成的食物爆发中发挥作用的关键。

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