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首页> 外文期刊>Frontiers in Psychology >“The Referee Plays to Be Insulted!”: An Exploratory Qualitative Study on the Spanish Football Referees’ Experiences of Aggression, Violence, and Coping
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“The Referee Plays to Be Insulted!”: An Exploratory Qualitative Study on the Spanish Football Referees’ Experiences of Aggression, Violence, and Coping

机译：“裁判员遭受侮辱！”：西班牙足球裁判的侵略，暴力和应对的经验的探索性定性研究

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摘要

Referees are essential participants in the sport of football. They are responsible for enforcing the rules and achieving the necessary impartiality for the matches. Referees are often target of hostile reactions from fans, players, and coaches. However, few studies have focused on these experiences and the strategies they use to manage them. In order to fill this gap, a qualitative interview-based study was developed to explore the experiences of a group of football referees (four males and four females) on aggression, violence, and coping. A thematic analysis was developed combining inductive and deductive processes. Results indicated that the most frequent aggressions experienced were verbal abuse. Most of the aggressions from spectators were of a sexist nature. When aggressions were considered normal by referees, symbolic violence emerged. Racist aggressions were directed to the two Moroccan participants. Problem and emotional-focused coping strategies were identified. The two most common referee responses to coaches’ and players’ verbal abuse were penalties and send-off calls. Smiling and not considering insults as a personal matter were two emotional-focused coping strategies used toward spectator aggressions. Implications for the referees’ job and well-being as well as the quality of football competitions were highlighted to reduce aggressions and violence and to help referees to cope with hostile behaviors.
机译：裁判是足球运动中的基本参与者。他们负责执行规则并实现比赛所必需的公正性。裁判通常是粉丝，玩家和教练的敌对反应的目标。然而，很少有研究专注于这些经验和他们用于管理它们的战略。为了填补这一差距，制定了一个定性的面试研究，以探索一群足球裁判（四名男性和四名女性）的经验，侵略，暴力和应对。基于电感和演绎过程的主题分析。结果表明，最常见的侵权是言语滥用。观众的大多数侵略都是性感的性质。当裁判被认为是正常的侵略时，出现了象征性的暴力。种族主义攻击是针对两位摩洛哥参与者的侵略者。鉴定了问题和情绪化的应对策略。对教练的两个最常见的裁判回应“和球员的口头虐待是处罚和发送呼叫。微笑而不是考虑侮辱作为个人资料是两种情绪化的应对策略，用于观众侵略。对裁判的工作和福祉的影响以及足球比赛的质量被强调，以减少侵略和暴力，并帮助裁判应对敌对行为。

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