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Urban disaster recovery: a measurement framework and its application to the 1995 Kobe earthquake

机译：城市灾难恢复：一种测量框架及其在1995年神户地震中的应用

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This paper provides a framework for assessing empirical patterns of urban disaster recovery through the use of statistical indicators. Such a framework is needed to develop systematic knowledge on how cities recover from disasters. The proposed framework addresses such issues as defining recovery, filtering out exogenous influences unrelated to the disaster, and making comparisons across disparate areas or events. It is applied to document how Kobe City, Japan, recovered from the catastrophic 1995 earthquake. Findings indicate that while aggregate population regained pre-disaster levels in ten years, population had shifted away from the older urban core. Economic recovery was characterised by a three to four year temporary boost in reconstruction activities, followed by settlement at a level some ten per cent below pre-disaster levels. Other long-term effects included substantial losses of port activity and sectoral shifts toward services and large businesses. These patterns of change and disparity generally accelerated pre-disaster trends.
机译：本文提供了一个通过使用统计指标评估城市灾难恢复经验模式的框架。需要这样一个框架来发展有关城市如何从灾难中恢复的系统性知识。拟议的框架解决以下问题：定义恢复，滤除与灾难无关的外来影响以及对不同地区或事件进行比较。它用于记录日本神户市如何从1995年灾难性地震中恢复过来。调查结果表明，尽管总人口在十年内恢复了灾前水平，但人口已经从较老的城市核心转移。经济复苏的特点是重建活动临时增长了三到四年，其后的定居水平比灾前水平低约百分之十。其他长期影响包括港口活动的大量亏损以及行业向服务业和大型企业的转移。这些变化和差异的模式通常会加速灾前趋势。

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