When anthropologists first analyzed the bones of an 18,000-year-old hominid found on the Indonesian island of Flores, they were struck by its diminutive size (just three feet tall) and small brain (more chimp-size than human). They dubbed the remains LB1 and controversially identified it as a new species, Homo floresiensis, in 2004. Two 2008 studies back the new species theory. In one comparative study, anthropologist Adam Gordon, now an assistant professor at the University of Albany, along with colleagues at George Washington University, found that the skull of LB1, nicknamed "the hobbit," was "well outside the range of modern human variation," according to Gordon. "When you consider the relationship between size and shape of the skull, [it] is most similar to Homo habilis," a small hominid that disappeared more than a million and a half years ago.
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