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Determinants Of Well-being In North Korea: Evidence From The Post-famine Period

机译：朝鲜福祉的决定因素：饥荒后的证据

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North Korea has survived the breakdown of the communist bloc and has been immune to the democratization process of the 1990s. In spite of national famines and economic collapse, the totalitarian regime in Pyongyang maintains a firm grip on its power. Reliable information on the population's biosocial welfare is scarce. Using height and weight data of 5991 North Korean pre-school children measured in 2002, we investigate determinants of height-for-age z-score (HAZ), weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) and weight-for-height z-score (WHZ) as an indicator for child health. We find a statistically significant impact of the age of the child and of the mother, as well as the sex of the child on HAZ and WAZ. In contrast, social status and wealth proxies at the individual and household level are not statistically significant possibly because of errors in these variables. We do not find a consistent effect for geographic regions or for rural-urban residents either. Yet, urban provinces seem to be better-off. Most importantly, we find that children living in families who benefit from food, aid of the United Nations are healthier in terms of HAZ, WAZ and WHZ than those depending on the government. Hence, further delivery of United Nations food aid is likely to mitigate the effects of the ongoing food crisis in North Korea.
机译：朝鲜在共产主义集团崩溃后幸存下来，并且不受1990年代民主化进程的影响。尽管发生了民族饥荒和经济崩溃，平壤的极权政权仍牢牢掌握着自己的权力。缺乏有关人口生物社会福利的可靠信息。使用2002年测量的5991名朝鲜学龄前儿童的身高和体重数据，我们调查了年龄段z评分（HAZ），年龄段z评分（WAZ）和身高体重的决定因素z得分（WHZ）作为儿童健康的指标。我们发现，儿童和母亲的年龄以及儿童的性别对HAZ和WAZ具有统计学意义的显着影响。相反，由于这些变量的错误，个人和家庭一级的社会地位和财富代理在统计上并不重要。我们也没有发现对地理区域或城乡居民的持续影响。然而，城市省份似乎比较富裕。最重要的是，我们发现，生活在受益于粮食，联合国援助的家庭中的儿童在危害性，危险性和危险性方面比依靠政府的儿童更为健康。因此，进一步提供联合国粮食援助有可能减轻北朝鲜当前粮食危机的影响。

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