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Analysis of policies to reduce oil consumption and greenhouse-gas emissions from the US transportation sector

机译：分析减少美国运输部门的石油消耗和温室气体排放的政策

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摘要

Even as the US debates an economy-wide CO_2 cap-and-trade policy the transportation sector remains a significant oil security and climate change concern. Transportation alone consumes the majority of the US's imported oil and produces a third of total US Greenhouse-Gas (GHG) emissions. This study examines different sector-specific policy scenarios for reducing GHG emissions and oil consumption in the US transportation sector under economy-wide CO_2 prices. The 2009 version of the Energy Information Administration's (EIA) National Energy Modeling System (NEMS), a general equilibrium model of US energy markets, enables quantitative estimates of the impact of economy-wide CO_2 prices and various transportation-specific policy options. We analyze fuel taxes, continued increases in fuel economy standards, and purchase tax credits for new vehicle purchases, as well as the impacts of combining these policies. All policy scenarios modeled fail to meet the Obama administration's goal of reducing GHG emissions 14% below 2005 levels by 2020. Purchase tax credits are expensive and ineffective at reducing emissions, while the largest reductions in GHG emissions result from increasing the cost of driving, thereby damping growth in vehicle miles traveled.
机译：即使美国对整个经济领域的CO_2总量限制和贸易政策进行辩论，运输行业仍然是石油安全和气候变化的主要关注点。仅运输一项就消耗了美国大部分进口石油，并产生了美国温室气体（GHG）排放总量的三分之一。这项研究探讨了在整个经济范围的CO_2价格下，减少美国交通运输部门温室气体排放和石油消耗的不同行业特定政策方案。美国能源信息署（EIA）的2009年版国家能源建模系统（NEMS）是美国能源市场的一般均衡模型，可以对整个经济范围内的CO_2价格和各种运输特定的政策选择的影响进行定量估计。我们分析了燃油税，燃油经济性标准的持续提高，新车购买的购置税抵免，以及合并这些政策的影响。建模的所有政策方案均未达到奥巴马政府到2020年将温室气体排放量比2005年降低14％的目标。购置税抵免额昂贵且对减少排放量无效，而最大的温室气体减排量则来自增加驾驶成本，从而阻碍了行驶里程的增长。

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  • 来源
    《Energy Policy》 |2010年第3期|1305-1320|共16页
  • 作者

    W. Ross Morrow; Kelly Sims Gallagher; Gustavo Collantes; Henry Lee;

  • 作者单位

    Energy Technology Innovation Policy (ETIP) Research Group, Belfer Center, Harvard Kennedy School, Cambridge MA USA Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames IA, USA;

    Energy Technology Innovation Policy (ETIP) Research Group, Belfer Center, Harvard Kennedy School, Cambridge MA USA The Fletcher School, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA;

    Energy Technology Innovation Policy (ETIP) Research Group, Belfer Center, Harvard Kennedy School, Cambridge MA USA State of Washington, USA;

    Energy Technology Innovation Policy (ETIP) Research Group, Belfer Center, Harvard Kennedy School, Cambridge MA USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    greenhouse gas emissions; transportation; national energy modeling system;

    机译：温室气体排放;运输;国家能源建模系统;
  • 入库时间 2022-08-18 00:50:30

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