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Energy Demand and Trade in General Equilibrium

机译:能源需求与贸易平衡

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This paper sheds light on the impact of alternative environmental policies on energy demand, global CO_2 emissions, trade, and welfare. For this, we develop an Eaton-Kortum type general equilibrium model of international trade which includes an energy sector. We structurally estimate the key parameters of the model and calibrate it to the data on 31 OECD countries and the rest of the world in the year 2000. The model helps assessing the relative welfare effects under alternative environmental policies. We find that, when carbon spillover effects are absent, taxing energy resources as an input in energy production is preferable to taxing domestic energy production in terms of minimizing CO_2 emissions. However, with negative externalities on foreign customers domestic energy output should be taxed to minimize world carbon emissions given a certain level of welfare change for all countries.
机译:本文阐明了替代性环境政策对能源需求,全球CO_2排放,贸易和福利的影响。为此,我们开发了包括能源部门在内的国际贸易的伊顿-科尔坦型一般均衡模型。我们在结构上估算了该模型的关键参数,并根据2000年OECD 31个国家和世界其他地区的数据进行了校准。该模型有助于评估替代性环境政策下的相对福利影响。我们发现,在不存在碳溢出效应的情况下,就减少CO_2排放而言,对能源资源作为能源生产的投入征税比对国内能源生产征税更可取。但是,在外国客户受到负面外部影响的情况下,鉴于所有国家都在一定程度上改变了福利水平,应该对国内能源输出征税,以最大程度地减少世界碳排放。

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