Abstract Fine particulate matters: The impact of air quality standards on cardiovascular mortality
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Fine particulate matters: The impact of air quality standards on cardiovascular mortality

机译：细颗粒物：空气质量标准对心血管死亡率的影响

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AbstractBackgroundIn 1997 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency set the first annual National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Although the weight of scientific evidence has determined that a causal relationship exists between PM2.5exposures and cardiovascular effects, few studies have concluded whether NAAQS-related reductions in PM2.5led to improvements in public health.MethodsWe examined the change in cardiovascular (CV) mortality rate and the association between change in PM2.5and change in CV-mortality rate before (2000–2004) and after implementation of the 1997 annual PM2.5NAAQS (2005–2010) among U.S. counties. We further examined how the association varied with respect to two factors related to NAAQS compliance: attainment status and design values (DV). We used difference-in-differences and linear regression models, adjusted for sociodemographic confounders.FindingsAcross 619 counties, there were 1.10 (95% CI: 0.37, 1.82) fewer CV-deaths per year per 100,000 people for each 1µg/m3decrease in PM2.5. Nonattainment counties had a twofold larger reduction in mean annual PM2.5, 2.1µg/m3, compared to attainment counties, 0.97µg/m3. CV-mortality rate decreased by 0.59 (95% CI: −0.54, 1.71) in nonattainment and 1.96 (95% CI: 0.77, 3.15) deaths per 100,000 people for each 1µg/m3decrease in PM2.5in attainment counties. When stratifying counties by DV, results were similar: counties with DV greater than 15µg/m3experienced the greatest decrease in mean annual PM2.5(2.29µg/m3) but the smallest decrease in CV-mortality rate per unit decrease in PM2.5, 0.73 (95% CI: −0.57, 2.02).InterpretationWe report a significant association between the change in PM2.5and the change in CV-mortality rate before and after the implementation of NAAQS and note that the health benefits per 1µg/m3decrease in PM2.5persist at levels below the current national standard.FundingUS EPA intermural research.Highlights•PM2.5decreased following implementation of annual PM2.5standard.•Cardiovascular mortality decreased with a decrease in PM2.5.•Attainment counties had greater health benefit compared to nonattainment counties.•Associations were not statistically different.•Health benefits were shown even in counties below the current standard.
机译： 摘要 背景 1997年，美国环境保护署（EPA）设定了关于细颗粒物的首个年度国家环境空气质量标准（NAAQS）（PM 2.5 ）。尽管科学证据表明，PM 2.5 暴露与心血管疾病之间存在因果关系，但很少有研究得出结论，NAAQS相关的PM 2.5 有助于改善公共卫生。 方法 我们检查了心血管（CV）死亡率的变化以及PM 2.5 的变化与（20​​00-2004）之前和之后的CV死亡率之间的关联美国各县实施了1997年年度PM 2.5 NAAQS（2005-2010年）。我们进一步检查了该关联在与NAAQS遵从性相关的两个因素方面如何变化：获得状态和设计价值（DV）。我们使用了差异差异和线性回归模型，并针对了社会人口统计学混杂因素进行了调整。 发现 在619个县中，有1.10个县（95％CI：每降低1µg / m，每年每100,000人的CV死亡数减少0.37、1.82） 3 PM 2.5 < / ce：inf>。非达标县的年平均PM 2.5 ，2.1µg / m 3 ，与成就县相比，为0.97µg / m 3 。未达标的CV死亡率下降了0.59（95％CI：−0.54，1.71），每100,000人每1µg / m死亡减少1.96（95％CI：0.77，3.15）死亡 3 在成就县的PM 2.5 减少。按DV分层时，结果相似：DV大于15μg/ m的县 3 经历的年均PM 2.5 （2.29µg / m 3 ），但PM 2.5 ，0.73（95％CI：−0.57，2.02）。 解释 我们报告在实施NAAQS之前和之后PM 2.5 的变化与CV死亡率的变化之间存在显着关联，并指出每1µg / m的健康收益 3 的PM 2.5 的降低水平持续低于当前国家标准。 资金 美国EPA内部研究。 突出显示 • PM 2.5 在实施年度PM 2.5 标准。 • 心血管疾病死亡率随着PM 2.5 的降低而降低。 • 达到县更大的健康益处 • 关联在统计上没有差异。 • 甚至在低于当前标准的县中也显示出健康益处。 < / ce：simple-para>

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  • 来源
    《Environmental research》 |2018年第2期|364-369|共6页
  • 作者

    Anne E. Corrigan; Michelle M. Becker; Lucas M. Neas; Wayne E. Cascio; Ana G. Rappold;

  • 作者单位

    Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education at the United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Public Health Division;

    United States Environmental Protection Agency, Region 5, Air and Radiation Division;

    United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Public Health Division;

    United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Public Health Division;

    United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Public Health Division;

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