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The dark side of online participation: exploring non-, passive and negative participation

机译：在线参与的阴暗面：探索非，被动和消极的参与

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摘要

Studies on the 'second-level digital divide' explore the socio-economic antecedents and effects of (a lack of) user participation on the Internet. At the same time, some have criticized a normatively affirmative bias in online participation research as well as a one-sided focus on observable user activity. This contribution addresses the ensuing call for a more nuanced understanding of online participation in general, and online political participation in particular. We differentiate the online participation concept based on a focus group study among 96 Internet users from a broad range of social backgrounds in Germany. We derive a framework of eight types of online (non-Jparticipation along three conceptual axes: activity, agency, and social valence. Taking user experiences and terminology into account, we differentiate participation from non-participation, active from passive and positive from negative (non-)participation. The proposed typology allows for a more balanced evaluation and more focused exploration of phenomena such as destructive or involuntary online participation as well as online abstention, boycotts, self-censorship, lurking, or digital exclusion.
机译：关于“第二级数字鸿沟”的研究探索了互联网上（缺乏用户参与）的社会经济先例和影响。同时，一些人批评在线参与研究中的规范性肯定偏见，以及侧重于可观察的用户活动。这项贡献满足了随之而来的呼吁，即要求对一般的在线参与，尤其是在线政治参与更加细微的了解。基于焦点小组研究，我们在96名来自德国不同社会背景的互联网用户中区分了在线参与概念。我们推导了八种类型的在线框架（沿着活动，代理和社会化价这三个概念轴参与了非参与。考虑用户体验和术语，我们将参与与不参与，主动与被动，积极与消极（拟议的类型可以使评估更加平衡，并可以更集中地探索诸如破坏性或非自愿的在线参与以及在线弃权，抵制，自我审查，潜伏或数字排斥等现象。

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