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首页> 外文期刊>Japan and the World Economy >Electoral rules and free trade agreements as a campaign issue: The case of political disputes over the Trans-Pacific Partnership in Japan
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Electoral rules and free trade agreements as a campaign issue: The case of political disputes over the Trans-Pacific Partnership in Japan

机译：选举规则和自由贸易协定作为竞选问题：日本跨太平洋伙伴关系的政治纠纷的案例

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摘要

This study empirically examines what drives candidates to oppose a free trade agreement (FTA), focusing on the difference in electoral rules and progress of FTA negotiations. We use as case studies Japan's 2013 and 2016 Upper House elections, a main issue of which was the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). Candidates' promises about the TPP are unrelated to whether they run for one-seat, multi-seat, or proportional representation constituencies. Candidates who have more rival candidates belonging to the same party are less supportive of the TPP, whereas candidates who face fiercer competition with rival candidates of other parties are more supportive. This result, however, is not observed after the conclusion of the TPP negotiations. The presence of agriculture in local economies relates to candidates' opposition of the TPP before the conclusion of negotiations, but not thereafter. Conversely, candidates' stances on the TPP are affected by their parties' policies and own ideologies regardless of the different stages of promoting the TPP. These results indicate that the major determinants of candidates' positions toward an FTA vary according to the changes in circumstances surrounding the FTA.
机译：本研究经验审查了候选人反对自由贸易协定（FTA）的驱动器，重点是选举规则和自由贸易协定谈判进展的差异。我们用作日本2013年和2016年上楼选举的案例研究，这是一个主要问题，其中是跨太平洋伙伴关系（TPP）。关于TPP的候选人的承诺与他们是否为单座位，多座位或比例代表性选区运行而无关。拥有属于同一方的更多竞争对手的候选人不太支持TPP，而面对与其他政党竞争对手的竞争激烈竞争的候选人更加支持。然而，在TPP谈判结束后未观察到这一结果。在当地经济中的农业的存在涉及候选人在谈判结束前的TPP反对，而不是此后。相反，TPP的候选人的立场受到各方政策的影响，并且无论促进TPP的不同阶段如何，他们都会受到各方的政策和自己的意识形态。这些结果表明，候选人朝向自由贸易协定的主要决定因素根据自由贸易协定围系的情况的变化而变化。

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