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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of great lakes research >Occurrence of Alternative Fecal Indicators and Enteric Viruses in Michigan Rivers
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Occurrence of Alternative Fecal Indicators and Enteric Viruses in Michigan Rivers

机译：密歇根河中粪便替代指标和肠病毒的发生

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Fecal contamination has been a leading problem associated with the impairment of surface waters in the State of Michigan. However, the source of the contamination and the possible presence of pathogens has not been adequately addressed. In this preliminary study, nine major rivers located in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan were investigated for the presence of fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, enterococci, coliphage, and enteric viruses. Five sites (56%) exceeded the allowable limits set for recreational waters based on E. coli concentrations for the State of Michigan. Three (33%) of these sites (Grand, Kalamazoo, and Rouge rivers) tested positive for the presence of viable enteric viruses. The presence of enteric viruses and elevated levels of microbial indicators suggest that these waters may pose a threat to the health of individuals using them for recreational activities. Several new genotypic and phenotypic characterization methods have emerged that have the ability to define human and animal sources of fecal indicators. Previously, we developed a host-associated molecular marker for Enterococcus faecium, which is human specific and targets the sequence for the enter ococ-cal surface protein (esp). When the nine rivers were screened for the marker, two (Grand and Rouge rivers) were found to be positive, implying the presence of human fecal contamination. This study suggests a preliminary approach for validating the use of molecular markers for identifying sources of fecal pollution in the Great Lakes Region and the human health risks associated with pathogenic viruses.
机译：在密歇根州，粪便污染已成为与地表水受损相关的主要问题。但是，污染源和病原体可能的存在尚未得到充分解决。在这项初步研究中，对位于密歇根州下半岛的9条主要河流进行了调查，以了解粪便中的大肠菌，大肠杆菌，肠球菌，噬菌体和肠病毒的存在。根据密歇根州的大肠杆菌浓度，有五个场所（56％）超过了娱乐水域的允许限值。这些地点中的三个（33％）（大河，卡拉马祖河和胭脂河）经测试可检测出活肠病毒。肠道病毒的存在和微生物指标的升高表明这些水可能对使用它们进行娱乐活动的个人的健康构成威胁。已经出现了几种新的基因型和表型表征方法，它们能够定义人类和动物粪便指标的来源。以前，我们开发了粪便肠球菌的宿主相关分子标记物，该标记物是人特异性的，并靶向进入球菌表面蛋白（esp）的序列。在对这9条河流进行筛选时，发现两条河流（大河和胭脂河）呈阳性，这意味着存在人类粪便污染。这项研究提出了一种验证分子标记物用于识别大湖区粪便污染源以及与致病性病毒相关的人类健康风险的初步方法。

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