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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of logic, language and information >Adjectival and Adverbial Modification: The View from Modern Type Theories
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Adjectival and Adverbial Modification: The View from Modern Type Theories

机译：形容词和状语修饰：现代类型理论的视角

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摘要

In this paper we present a study of adjectival/adverbial modification using modern type theories (MTTs), i.e. type theories within the tradition of Martin-Loef. We present an account of various issues concerning adjectival/adverbial modification and argue that MTTs can be used as an adequate language for interpreting NL semantics. MTTs are not only expressive enough to deal with a range of modification phenomena, but are furthermore well-suited to perform reasoning tasks that can be easily implemented (e.g. in proof-assistants) given their proof-theoretic nature. In MTT-semantics, common nouns are interpreted as types rather than predicates. Therefore, in order to capture the semantics of adjectives adequately, one needs to meet the challenge of modeling CNs modified by adjectives as types. To explicate that this can be done successfully, we first look at the mainstream classification of adjectives, i.e. intersective, subsective and non-subsective adjectives. There, we show that the rich type structure available in MTTs, along with a suitable subtyping framework, offers an adequate mechanism to model these cases. In particular, this modelling naturally takes care of the characterising inferences associated with each class of adjectives. Then, more advanced issues on adjectival modification are discussed: (a) degree adjectives, (b) comparatives and (c) multidimensional adjectives. There, it is shown that the use of indexed types can be usefully applied in order to deal with these cases. In the same vein, the issue of adverbial modification is discussed. We study two general typings for sentence and VP adverbs respectively. It is shown that the rich type structure in MTTs further provides useful organisational mechanisms in giving formal semantics for adverbs. In particular, we discuss the use of Σ-types to capture the veridicalityon-veridicality distinction and further discuss cases of intensional adverbs using the type theoretic notion of context (i.e. without resorting to intensional typing). We also look at manner, subject and speech act adverbials and propose solutions using MTTs. Finally, we show that the current proof technology can help mechanically check the associated inferences. A number of our proposals concerning adjectival and adverbial modification have been formalised in the proof assistant Coq and many of the associated inference patterns are checked to be correctly captured.
机译：在本文中，我们使用现代类型理论（MTT），即马丁·洛夫（Martin-Loef）传统中的类型理论，对形容词/状语修饰进行了研究。我们介绍了有关形容词/副词修饰的各种问题，并认为MTT可以用作解释NL语义的适当语言。 MTT不仅具有足够的表现力以应对各种修饰现象，而且由于其理论性质，因此非常适合执行可以轻松实现的推理任务（例如在证明助手中）。在MTT语义中，普通名词被解释为类型而不是谓词。因此，为了充分地捕捉形容词的语义，需要解决将形容词修饰的CNs作为类型进行建模的挑战。为了说明这一点是可以成功完成的，我们首先来看一下形容词的主流分类，即相交，副词和非副词形容词。在那里，我们表明MTT中可用的丰富类型结构以及合适的子类型框架提供了对这些情况进行建模的适当机制。特别是，这种建模自然会考虑与每个形容词类别相关的特征推断。然后，讨论了关于形容词修饰的更高级的问题：（a）程度形容词，（b）比较形容词，（c）多维形容词。那里表明，索引类型的使用可以有效地用于处理这些情况。同样，讨论了状语修饰的问题。我们分别研究句子和VP副词的两种常规类型。结果表明，MTT中的丰富类型结构进一步为给副词提供形式语义提供了有用的组织机制。特别是，我们讨论了使用Σ-类型来捕获垂直/非垂直区分的问题，并进一步讨论了使用上下文的类型理论概念（即不诉诸于内涵类型）的内涵副词的情况。我们还将研究方式，主语和言语行为副词，并提出使用MTT的解决方案。最后，我们证明了当前的证明技术可以帮助机械地检查相关的推论。我们关于形容词和副词修饰的许多建议已在证明助手Coq中正式化，并且检查了许多相关的推理模式以正确捕获它们。

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  • 来源
    《Journal of logic, language and information》 |2017年第1期|45-88|共44页
  • 作者

    Stergios Chatzikyriakidis; Zhaohui Luo;

  • 作者单位

    Centre for Linguistic Theory and Studies in Probability, University of Gothenburg,Gothenburg, Sweden,Open University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus;

    Department of Computer Science, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham,Surrey TW20 OEX, UK;

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