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From the Ordinary to Corruption in Higher Education

机译：从普通到高等教育

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摘要

Major environmental changes and recurring pressures have made universities in the United States that educate health care professionals vulnerable to corruption. Based on the experiences of one large, state-supported university, this essay argues that, in adapting to pressures, universities rely on the ordinary structures and processes characteristic of large formal organizations. Hierarchy becomes an opening to corruption when it is associated with low levels of transparency, a culture of deference that discourages questioning, and the absence of countervailing centers of authority. Where the need for resources is great and access is uncertain, these can become incentives to ensure access through corrupt means. Embeddedness opens opportunities for misconduct by fostering relations based on narrow loyalties. The ordinariness of the pathways to corruption in higher education can obscure timely recognition of misconduct even by members working in affected organizations. But, once recognized, it is also possible to find equally ordinary solutions.
机译：重大的环境变化和不断出现的压力使美国的大学对卫生保健专业人员进行教育，使其容易受到腐败的影响。基于一所大型政府支持大学的经验，本文认为，大学在适应压力时依赖于大型正规组织的普通结构和程序。当等级制度与低水平的透明度，不鼓励质疑的尊重文化以及缺乏反补贴的权力中心联系在一起时，便成为腐败的门户。在对资源的需求巨大而获取不确定的地方，这些可以成为确保通过腐败手段获取的动力。包容性通过建立基于狭义忠诚的关系而为不当行为提供了机会。高等教育中通向腐败的途径的常规性，即使是在受影响组织中工作的成员，也可能掩盖了对不当行为的及时认识。但是，一旦得到认可，也可以找到同样普通的解决方案。

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