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首页> 外文期刊>Marine biology >Trophic ecology and the related functional morphology of the deepwater medusa Periphylla periphylla (Scyphozoa, Coronata)
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Trophic ecology and the related functional morphology of the deepwater medusa Periphylla periphylla (Scyphozoa, Coronata)

机译：深水美杜鹃（Scyphozoa，Coronata）的营养生态学和相关功能形态

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Remotely operated vehicle (ROV)-based field studies on the distribution and behaviour of Periphylla periphylla Peron and Lesueur (Ann Mus Hist Nat Marseille 14:316-366, 1809), from three Norwegian fjords have been combined with on-board experiments and morphological and histological studies in order to understand the trophic ecology of this species. Field studies from one of the fjords showed that the zooplankton biomass was negatively related with P. periphylla abundance, indicating a predatory effect. The majority of zooplankton biomass tended to be distributed above the aggregation of P. periphylla, which in turn showed highest abundance at 100-200 m depth. Observation on the orientation of medusae passing the ROV when descending down in the water column at dawn and dusk, showed no consistency with the theory of diel vertical migration. Estimated metabolic demand of P. periphylla indicated a daily preda-tion impact on the prey assemblage of 13% as an average for the fjord. In situ behavioural observations showed that the dominant tentacle posture of large medusae was straight upward, with tentacles extended to the oral-aboral body axis. The hunting mode alternates between ambush and ramming, whereby tentacle posture minimises the water turbulence that may otherwise alarm the prey. The musculature of the tentacles is well developed, with an especially strong longitudinal muscle on the oral side, facilitating fast movement of the tentacle towards the mouth. In addition, ring-, radial-, and diagonal musculatures are also present. The diagonal is probably most important for the corkscrew retraction of the tentacle, used at the moment of prey capture. Results from laboratory experiments show that different body-parts of P. periphylla vary in sensitivity for chemical and mechanical stimuli, including hydrodynamic disturbance and vibration in the surrounding water. Feeding success is facilitated by combining the vibration-sense on the tentacle tips and the marginal lappets, the touch-sense on the tentacle bases and marginal lappets, and a taste control of the captured prey at the mouthlips.
机译：基于远程车辆（ROV）的野外研究，研究了来自三个挪威峡湾的Periphylla periphylla Peron和Lesueur的分布和行为（Ann Mus Hist Nat Marseille 14：316-366，1809），并结合了车载实验和形态学和组织学研究，以了解该物种的营养生态。峡湾之一的野外研究表明，浮游动物的生物量与叶周假单胞菌的丰度呈负相关，表明具有掠食性作用。浮游动物的大部分生物量倾向于分布在P.periphylla的聚集体之上，而P.periphylla的聚集体在100-200 m深度处显示出最高的丰度。观察水母在黎明和黄昏时在水柱中下降时通过ROV的方向，与diel垂直迁移理论不一致。估计的P. perphylla的代谢需求表明，每天捕食对峡湾的捕食活动的影响平均为峡湾的13％。现场行为观察表明，大型美杜鹃的触手主要姿势是笔直向上，触手延伸至口腔-体轴。狩猎模式在伏击和夯击之间交替，触手的姿势使水的湍流最小化，否则可能使猎物惊恐。触手的肌肉发达，口腔侧的纵向肌肉特别强壮，有助于触手向口的快速运动。此外，还存在环形，径向和对角肌肉组织。对角线可能对于捕获猎物时使用的触手的开瓶器缩回最重要。实验室实验的结果表明，P.periphylla的不同身体部位对化学和机械刺激（包括流体动力扰动和周围水中的振动）的敏感性各不相同。通过将触手尖端和边缘毛毯上的振动感应，触手底部和边缘毛毯上的触觉以及对口唇处捕获的猎物的味道控制相结合，可以促进饲养成功。

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