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Implanting a Discipline: The Academic Trajectory of Nuclear Engineering in the USA and UK

机译：植入学科：美国和英国的核工程学发展轨迹

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摘要

The nuclear engineer emerged as a new form of recognised technical professional between 1940 and the early 1960s as nuclear fission, the chain reaction and their applications were explored. The institutionalization of nuclear engineering-channelled into new national laboratories and corporate design offices during the decade after the war, and hurried into academic venues thereafter-proved unusually dependent on government definition and support. This paper contrasts the distinct histories of the new discipline in the USA and UK (and, more briefly, Canada). In the segregated and influential environments of institutional laboratories and factories, historical actors such as physicist Walter Zinn in the USA and industrial chemist Christopher Hinton in the UK proved influential in shaping the roles and perceptions of nuclear specialists. More broadly, I argue that the State-managed implantation of the new subject within further and higher education curricula was shaped strongly by distinct political and economic contexts in which secrecy, postwar prestige and differing industrial cultures were decisive factors.
机译：1940年至1960年代初，随着核裂变，链反应及其应用的探索，核工程师以一种公认的新技术专业人员的身份出现。战后十年中，核工程的制度化引导进入了新的国家实验室和公司设计办公室，此后又匆匆进入学术场所，事实证明，核工程的异常情况取决于政府的定义和支持。本文对比了美国和英国（更简单地说，加拿大）新学科的不同历史。在机构实验室和工厂的隔离和有影响力的环境中，诸如美国的物理学家Walter Zinn和英国的工业化学家Christopher Hinton等历史人物被证明在塑造核能专家的角色和观念方面具有影响力。更广泛地说，我认为，国家管理下在高等教育课程中植入新科目的强烈影响是由不同的政治和经济背景决定的，其中保密，战后声望和不同的工业文化是决定性因素。

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