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Experimental demonstration of chaos in a microbial food web

机译：微生物食物网中混沌的实验证明

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Discovering why natural population densities change over time and vary with location is a central goal of ecological and evolutional disciplines. The recognition that even simple ecological systems can undergo chaotic behaviour has made chaos a topic of considerable interest among theoretical ecologists(1-4). However, there is still a lack of experimental evidence that chaotic behaviour occurs in the real world of coexisting populations in multi-species systems. Here we study the dynamics of a defined predator - prey system consisting of a bacterivorous ciliate and two bacterial prey species. The bacterial species preferred by the ciliate was the superior competitor. Experimental conditions were kept constant with continuous cultivation in a one-stage chemostat. We show that the dynamic behaviour of such a two-prey, one-predator system includes chaotic behaviour, as well as stable limit cycles and coexistence at equilibrium. Changes in the population dynamics were triggered by changes in the dilution rates of the chemostat. The observed dynamics were verified by estimating the corresponding Lyapunov exponents. Such a defined microbial food web offers a new possibility for the experimental study of deterministic chaos in real biological systems.
机译：发现为什么自然人口密度会随时间变化并随位置而变化是生态学和进化学科的主要目标。认识到即使简单的生态系统也可能发生混沌行为，使得混沌成为理论生态学家中相当感兴趣的话题（1-4）。但是，仍然缺乏实验证据表明混沌行为在多物种系统中并存种群的真实​​世界中发生。在这里，我们研究由纤毛虫和两个细菌猎物组成的捕食者－被捕食者系统的动力学。纤毛虫优选的细菌是优越的竞争者。实验条件保持恒定，并在一阶段的恒化器中连续培养。我们证明了这样的两食一食系统的动态行为包括混沌行为，以及稳定的极限环和平衡共存。群体动态的变化是由化学恒温器稀释率的变化触发的。通过估计相应的李雅普诺夫指数来验证观察到的动力学。这样定义的微生物食物网为实际生物系统中确定性混沌的实验研究提供了新的可能性。

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