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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Fetal ethanol exposure increases ethanol intake by making it smell and taste better
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Fetal ethanol exposure increases ethanol intake by making it smell and taste better

机译：胎儿乙醇暴露使气味和味道更好，从而增加了乙醇的摄入量

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Human epidemiologic studies reveal that fetal ethanol exposure is highly predictive of adolescent ethanol avidity and abuse. Little is known about how fetal exposure produces these effects. It is hypothesized that fetal ethanol exposure results in stimulus-induced chemosensory plasticity. Here, we asked whether gesta-tional ethanol exposure increases postnatal ethanol avidity in rats by altering its taste and odor. Experimental rats were exposed to ethanol in utero via the dam's diet, whereas control rats were either pair-fed an iso-caloric diet or given food ad libitum. We found that fetal ethanol exposure increased the taste-mediated acceptability of both ethanol and quinine hydrochloride (bitter), but not sucrose (sweet). Importantly, a significant proportion of the increased ethanol acceptability could be attributed directly to the attenuated aversion to ethanol's quinine-like taste quality. Fetal ethanol exposure also enhanced ethanol intake and the behavioral response to ethanol odor. Notably, the elevated intake of ethanol was also causally linked to the enhanced odor response. Our results demonstrate that fetal exposure specifically increases ethanol avidity by, in part, making it taste and smell better. More generally, they establish an epigenetic chemosensory mechanism by which maternal patterns of drug use can be transferred to offspring. Given that many licit (e.g., tobacco products) and illicit (e.g., marijuana) drugs have noteworthy chemosensory components, our findings have broad implications for the relationship between maternal patterns of drug use, child development, and postnatal vulnerability.
机译：人类流行病学研究表明，胎儿乙醇的暴露高度预测了青少年乙醇的亲和力和滥用。关于胎儿暴露如何产生这些影响知之甚少。假设胎儿乙醇暴露会导致刺激引起的化学感觉可塑性。在这里，我们询问妊娠期乙醇暴露是否会通过改变其味道和气味来增加大鼠的产后乙醇亲和力。实验大鼠通过大坝的饮食在子宫内暴露于乙醇，而对照大鼠则采用等热量饮食配对喂养或随意进食。我们发现胎儿乙醇暴露增加了乙醇和奎宁盐酸盐（苦味）的味道介导的可接受性，但没有增加蔗糖（甜味）的味觉接受性。重要的是，增加的乙醇可接受性的很大一部分可以直接归因于对乙醇的奎宁样味道质量的厌恶减弱。胎儿乙醇暴露还可以增加乙醇摄入量以及对乙醇气味的行为响应。值得注意的是，乙醇摄入量的增加也与气味响应增强有关。我们的结果表明，胎儿接触可以部分提高乙醇的亲和力，使其部分具有更好的味道和气味。更普遍地，他们建立了表观遗传化学感应机制，通过该机制，母体的吸毒方式可以转移到后代。鉴于许多合法（例如烟草产品）和非法（例如大麻）药物都具有值得注意的化学感觉成分，因此我们的发现对母亲的药物使用方式，儿童发育和出生后易感性之间的关系具有广泛的意义。

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