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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Rapid depletion of genotypes with fast growth and bold personality traits from harvested fish populations
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Rapid depletion of genotypes with fast growth and bold personality traits from harvested fish populations

机译：从鱼类种群中快速消耗具有快速生长和大胆人格特征的基因型

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摘要

The possibility for fishery-induced evolution of life history traits is an important but unresolved issue for exploited fish populations. Because fisheries tend to select and remove the largest individuals, there is the evolutionary potential for lasting effects on fish production and productivity. Size selection represents an indirect mechanism of selection against rapid growth rate, because individual fish may be large because of rapid growth or because of slow growth but old age. The possibility for direct selection on growth rate, whereby fast-growing genotypes are more vulnerable to fishing irrespective of their size, is unexplored. In this scenario, faster-growing genotypes may be more vulnerable to fishing because of greater appetite and correspondingly greater feeding-related activity rates and boldness that could increase encounter with fishing gear and vulnerability to it. In a realistic whole-lake experiment, we show that fast-growing fish genotypes are harvested at three times the rate of the slow-growing genotypes within two replicate lake populations. Overall, 50% of fast-growing individuals were harvested compared with 30% of slow-growing individuals, independent of body size. Greater harvest of fast-growing genotypes was attributable to their greater behavioral vulnerability, being more active and bold. Given that growth is heritable in fishes, we speculate that evolution of slower growth rates attributable to behavioral vulnerability may be widespread in harvested fish populations. Our results indicate that commonly used minimum size-limits will not prevent overexploi-tation of fast-growing genotypes and individuals because of size-independent growth-rate selection by fishing.
机译：渔业引起的生活史特征进化的可能性对于被开发的鱼类种群是一个重要但尚未解决的问题。由于渔业倾向于选择和淘汰最大的个体，因此有对鱼类生产和生产力产生持久影响的进化潜力。大小选择代表了针对快速生长速度的间接选择机制，因为单个鱼可能由于快速生长或由于生长缓慢而衰老而变大。还没有探索直接选择增长率的可能性，即快速增长的基因型无论其大小如何都更容易捕捞。在这种情况下，生长更快的基因型可能更容易受到捕捞的侵害，因为食欲更高，相应的与进食有关的活动速度和果敢性也可能增加与渔具的接触和脆弱性。在一个现实的全湖实验中，我们表明在两个重复的湖泊种群中，快速生长的基因型的收获速度是缓慢生长的基因型的速率的三倍。总体而言，与体型无关，收获了50％的快速增长个体，而30％的缓慢增长个体。快速增长的基因型的丰收归因于其更大的行为脆弱性，更加活跃和大胆。考虑到鱼类的生长是可遗传的，我们推测由于行为脆弱性导致的较慢增长率的演变可能在收获的鱼类种群中普遍存在。我们的结果表明，常用的最小尺寸限制不会阻止快速增长的基因型和个体的过度开发，因为通过捕捞来选择与尺寸无关的生长速率。

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