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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Sex ratio bias, male aggression, and population collapse in lizards.
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Sex ratio bias, male aggression, and population collapse in lizards.

机译：性别比例偏见，男性侵略和蜥蜴种群崩溃。

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摘要

The adult sex ratio (ASR) is a key parameter of the demography of human and other animal populations, yet the causes of variation in ASR, how individuals respond to this variation, and how their response feeds back into population dynamics remain poorly understood. A prevalent hypothesis is that ASR is regulated by intrasexual competition, which would cause more mortality or emigration in the sex of increasing frequency. Our experimental manipulation of populations of the common lizard (Lacerta vivipara) shows the opposite effect. Male mortality and emigration are not higher under male-biased ASR. Rather, an excess of adult males begets aggression toward adult females, whose survival and fecundity drop, along with their emigration rate. The ensuing prediction that adult male skew should be amplified and total population size should decline is supported by long-term data. Numerical projections show that this amplifying effect causes a major risk of population extinction. In general, such an evolutionarytrap is a substantial mating cost for females, and environmental changes or management practices skew the ASR toward males.
机译：成人性别比（ASR）是人类和其他动物种群人口统计学的关键参数，但人们对ASR变异的原因，个体如何应对这种变异以及其反应如何反馈到种群动态的了解仍然很少。一个普遍的假设是，ASR受性竞争的调节，这会导致越来越多的性别导致死亡或移居。我们对普通蜥蜴（Lacerta vivipara）种群的实验操作显示了相反的效果。在男性偏见的ASR下，男性死亡率和移出率均不高。相反，过多的成年男性会招致对成年女性的攻击，成年女性的生存率和繁殖力以及移民率都会下降。长期数据支持了随后的预测，即成年男性偏斜应扩大，总人口规模应减少。数值预测表明，这种放大效应导致人口灭绝的重大风险。通常，这样的进化陷阱对于雌性来说是很大的交配成本，并且环境变化或管理实践使ASR偏向于雄性。

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