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首页> 外文期刊>Subsurface Sensing Technologies and Applications >3-D Georadar Images of an Active Fault: Efficient Data Acquisition, Processing and Interpretation Strategies
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3-D Georadar Images of an Active Fault: Efficient Data Acquisition, Processing and Interpretation Strategies

机译：活动故障的3D Georadar图像：有效的数据采集，处理和解释策略

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Using a relatively new semi-automated acquisition system, we have collected a 3-D georadar data set across a section of the San Andreas Fault that is buried beneath fine-grain sediments. By recording the 23.2 x 72 m data set in a continuous fashion and eliminating the need for an independent topographic survey, the acquisition speed was approximately five times that of standard step-mode methods. Flex-binning was used to sort the data into 0.4 x 0.8 m bins regularly spaced at 0.2 x 0.4 m intervals. Because the bin size was set to twice the bin spacing, all traces contributed to multiple bins and adjacent bins overlapped. Early parts of the initial georadar volume were dominated by direct air and ground waves, whereas later parts were contaminated with system ringing typical of data recorded across moderately to highly conducting fine-grain sediments. To obtain useful subsurface information, the data were subjected to an extensive processing scheme that included: (ⅰ) scaling of each trace based on its Hilbert transform to increase the relative amplitudes of later arrivals, (ⅱ) Karhunen-Loeve filtering to reduce significantly the direct waves and system ringing, (ⅲ) 3-D phase-shift migration to position correctly dipping reflections and collapse diffractions, and (ⅳ) F XY deconvolution to reduce incoherent noise. The fully processed georadar volume contained vivid images of subhorizontal and trough-shaped reflections from a number of fluvial paleochannels. These reflections were truncated and offset by two distinct branches of the San Andreas Fault.
机译：使用相对较新的半自动采集系统，我们在整个圣安地列斯断层的一部分中收集了3-D地质雷达数据，该数据埋在细颗粒沉积物之下。通过连续记录23.2 x 72 m的数据集，并且无需进行独立的地形调查，采集速度大约是标准步进模式方法的五倍。使用Flex-binning将数据分类为以0.2 x 0.4 m的间隔规则排列的0.4 x 0.8 m的箱。由于将料箱大小设置为料箱间距的两倍，因此所有迹线都会导致多个料箱且相邻料箱重叠。初始地质雷达体积的早期部分被直接的空气和地面波所控制，而后来的部分则受到系统振铃的污染，典型的是从中等到高传导性细颗粒沉积物记录的数据。为了获得有用的地下信息，对数据进行了广泛的处理，其中包括：（ⅰ）基于其希尔伯特变换对每条迹线进行缩放以增加后来到达的相对幅度，（ⅱ）Karhunen-Loeve滤波可显着减小直接波和系统振铃；（ⅲ）3-D相移偏移，以正确放置倾斜反射和塌陷衍射，以及（ⅳ）F XY反卷积以减少不相干噪声。经过充分处理的地雷达体积包含来自多个河流古河道的水平和槽形反射的生动图像。这些反射被圣安德烈亚斯断层的两个不同分支截断并抵消了。

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