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Team and individual performance in the Tour de France

机译：环法自行车赛团队和个人表演

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Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of an athlete's body type, team characteristics, and pay on performance in the Tour de France ("the Tour"). Based on the concept of scaling and the concept of human capital, the paper aims to derive a set of hypotheses. Design/methodology/approach - Secondary data were collected about all riders that finished the Tour in the years from 2002 to 2005 leading to a total number of n = 600 observations. Random effects regression models are estimated with rank as the dependent variable. Findings - The findings indicate that lighter riders perform better in the Tour than heavier cyclists. Better teammates were found to increase average riders' performances, whereas top riders did not benefit from top teammates. Experience (rider, teammates, coach) was a significant driver of performance. Research limitations/implications - Team managers should pay attention to the composition of the team. Having only one strong team captain and several good coworkers was more effective than having several star riders (i.e. potential captains) in a team. Practical implications - The findings with regard to team composition can be transferred to other sports and professions where teamwork plays an important role. Successful teams should consist of only one captain and several good coworkers. Originality/value - The paper extends previous work on the determinants of performance in the Tour by using a longitudinal dataset that covers more variables than previous research.
机译：目的-本文的目的是分析运动员的体型，团队特征以及对环法自行车赛（“环法自行车赛”）表现的影响。基于规模化概念和人力资本概念，本文旨在推导一组假设。设计/方法/方法-收集了2002年至2005年完成巡回赛的所有车手的辅助数据，总共得出n = 600个观察值。随机效应回归模型以等级作为因变量进行估计。调查结果-调查结果表明，较轻的骑手在比赛中的表现要好于较重的自行车手。发现更好的队友可以提高平均骑手的表现，而顶级骑手并不能从顶级队友中受益。经验（骑手，队友，教练）是绩效的重要推动力。研究的局限性/含义-团队经理应注意团队的组成。仅拥有一个强大的队长和几个优秀的同事比在团队中拥有几个明星车手（即潜在的队长）更有效。实际意义-有关团队组成的发现可以转移到其他体育和职业中，团队合作起着重要作用。成功的团队应仅由一名队长和数名优秀的同事组成。原创性/价值-本文使用纵向数据集扩展了巡回赛性能决定因素的先前工作，该数据集比以前的研究涵盖了更多的变量。

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