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首页> 外文期刊>Transportation Research. Part A, Policy and Practice >Tolling traffic links under stochastic assignment: Modelling the relationship between the number and price level of tolled links and optimal traffic flows
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Tolling traffic links under stochastic assignment: Modelling the relationship between the number and price level of tolled links and optimal traffic flows

机译：随机分配下的收费路段：对收费路段的数量和价格水平与最佳交通流之间的关系进行建模

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摘要

The classical road-tolling problem is to toll network links such that under the principles of Wardropian User Equilibrium Assignment a System Optimising (SO) flow pattern is obtained. Stochastic assignment methods are accepted to be more realistic than deterministic and it is of interest to examine the potential for optimal tolling in the case of Stochastic User Equilibrium (SUE). In examining the case of Stochastic User Equilibrium the 'desired flow pattern' to be created must first be determined. The classical economics solution of replacing unit-cost flow functions with marginal-cost flow functions which under deterministic assignment produces the System Optimal solution (where Total Network Travel Cost (TNTC) is minimised) does not generally result in TNTC being minimised in the Stochastic Case. Instead such tolls produce a 'Stochastic System Optimal' (SSO) solution where the Total Perceived Network Travel Cost (TPNTC) is minimised. This paper examines and compares link-based tolling solutions to achieve both the SSO (TPNTC minimised) and true SO (TNTC minimised) under SUE and illustrates the concept with numerical examples. Such link-based tolling schemes produce network benefit by re-routing rather than traffic suppression as opposed to the cordon-based charging schemes which have been implemented in practice. Equity issues relating to charging schemes are discussed and the desirability of zero-toll routes is highlighted associated with greater potential political acceptability of charging schemes that do not impose excessive charges upon users (such as minimal or low revenue tolls). A heuristic is developed to toll network links in such a way as to balance the number of links tolled against the revenue required to produce a desired reduction in TNTC such that optimal network flow patterns are approached.
机译：经典的道路收费问题是收费网络链接，以便在Wardropian用户平衡分配的原则下获得系统优化（SO）流量模式。随机分配方法被认为比确定性方法更现实，在随机用户平衡（SUE）的情况下，研究优化收费的潜力是很有意义的。在研究随机用户均衡的情况下，必须首先确定要创建的“所需流模式”。用边际成本流函数代替单位成本流函数的经典经济学解决方案，在确定性分配下产生了系统最优解决方案（总网络旅行成本（TNTC）最小化），通常不会导致在随机情况下最小化TNTC 。取而代之的是，此类通行费产生了“最优随机系统”（SSO）解决方案，其中总感知网络差旅成本（TPNTC）降至最低。本文研究并比较了基于链路的收费解决方案，以实现SUE下的SSO（TPNTC最小）和真正SO（TNTC最小），并通过数字示例说明了这一概念。与实际上已经实现的基于警戒线的收费方案相反，这种基于链路的收费方案通过重新路由而不是流量抑制来产生网络利益。讨论了与收费方案有关的公平性问题，并着重强调了零收费路线的可取性与不向用户强加过多收费（例如最低或低收入的通行费）的收费方案更大的潜在政治接受度。开发了一种启发式方法来收费网络链路，以使收费的链路数量与产生所需的TNTC减少所需的收入之间取得平衡，从而达到最佳的网络流量模式。

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