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Sexing sperm of domestic animals

机译：家畜的性精子

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The ability to preselect or predetermine the sex of offspring prior to conception is a highly desired technological tool for assisted female breeding programs specifically for milk production, and in males, for meat production and increasing livestock numbers. The current technology is based on the well-known differences in X- and Y-sperm in the amount of DNA. The technology uses modified flow cytometric instrumentation for sorting X- and Y-bearing sperm. The method can be validated on the basis of live births, laboratory reanalysis of sorted sperm for DNA content, and embryo biopsy for sex determination. Currently, the sex of animals has been predetermined with 90 % accuracy by sexing spermatozoa. In the bovine breeding industry, flow cytometric sperm sexing has not fulfilled its original promise. Sexed sperm doses are too expensive for widespread application while the fertility of sexed sperm doses is lower than unsexed ones. Essentially all bovine sexed semen is frozen and then applied through artificial insemination (AI) or in vitro fertilization. There is still a need in the animal breeding industry to develop a technique for sperm sexing that provides sufficient spermatozoa for AI doses, does not compromise sperm fertility, and is widely applicable to a range of species. In this review, we will summarize the current state-of-the-art in sex preselection in domestic animals and some wildlife species using flow cytometric sperm-sorting of X from Y sperm based on DNA differences.
机译：在受孕之前预先选择或预定后代性别的能力是用于辅助女性育种计划（特别是牛奶生产，男性），肉类生产和牲畜数量增加的非常需要的技术工具。当前的技术基于众所周知的X和Y精子DNA量的差异。该技术使用改良的流式细胞仪对X和Y的精子进行分类。可以根据活产，对精子的实验室再分析进行DNA含量分析以及对性别进行胚胎活检的方法进行验证。目前，已经通过对精子进行性别鉴定以90％的准确度确定了动物的性别。在牛育种行业中，流式细胞术对精子进行性别鉴定并没有实现其最初的承诺。有性别的精子剂量对于广泛应用来说太昂贵了，而有性别的精子剂量的生育力低于没有性别的精子。基本上所有的牛性别精液都应冷冻，然后通过人工授精（AI）或体外受精来施用。在动物育种行业中仍然需要开发一种用于精子性别鉴定的技术，该技术可为AI剂量提供足够的精子，不损害精子的繁殖力，并广泛适用于多种物种。在这篇综述中，我们将基于DNA差异，使用Y精子中X的流式细胞术精子分选来总结家畜和一些野生生物中性别预选的最新技术。

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