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首页> 外文期刊>Water resources research >Aquatic Nitrate Retention at River Network Scales Across Flow Conditions Determined Using Nested In Situ Sensors
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Aquatic Nitrate Retention at River Network Scales Across Flow Conditions Determined Using Nested In Situ Sensors

机译：使用嵌套式原位传感器确定的各种流量条件下河网规模的水生硝酸盐截留率

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摘要

Nonpoint pollution sources are strongly influenced by hydrology and are therefore sensitive to climate variability. Some pollutants entering aquatic ecosystems, e.g., nitrate, can be mitigated by in-stream processes during transport through river networks. Whole river network nitrate retention is difficult to quantify with observations. High frequency, in situ nitrate sensors, deployed in nested locations within a single watershed, can improve estimates of both nonpoint inputs and aquatic retention at river network scales. We deployed a nested sensor network and associated sampling in the urbanizing Oyster River watershed in coastal New Hampshire, USA, to quantify storm event-scale loading and retention at network scales. An end member analysis used the relative behavior of reactive nitrate and conservative chloride to infer river network fate of nitrate. In the headwater catchments, nitrate and chloride concentrations are both increasingly diluted with increasing storm size. At the mouth of the watershed, chloride is also diluted, but nitrate tended to increase. The end member analysis suggests that this pattern is the result of high retention during small storms (51-78%) that declines to zero during large storms. Although high frequency nitrate sensors did not alter estimates of fluxes over seasonal time periods compared to less frequent grab sampling, they provide the ability to estimate nitrate flux versus storm size at event scales that is critical for such analyses. Nested sensor networks can improve understanding of the controls of both loading and network scale retention, and therefore also improve management of nonpoint source pollution.
机译：非点源污染源受到水文学的强烈影响，因此对气候变化敏感。进入水生生态系统的某些污染物（例如硝酸盐）可以通过河网运输过程中的入流过程得到缓解。整个河网的硝酸盐截留很难通过观测来量化。在单个流域内的嵌套位置中部署的高频原位硝酸盐传感器可以改善对非点输入量和河网规模水生滞留量的估计。我们在美国新罕布什尔州沿海的城市化牡蛎河流域中部署了一个嵌套的传感器网络并进行了相关采样，以量化风暴事件规模的负载和在网络规模上的保留。最终成员分析使用反应性硝酸盐和保守氯化物的相对行为来推断硝酸盐在河网中的命运。在源头流域，硝酸盐和氯化物的浓度都随着风暴规模的增加而越来越稀薄。在流域口，氯化物也被稀释，但硝酸盐趋于增加。最终成员分析表明，这种模式是小风暴（51-78％）时高保留率的结果，而大风暴时降为零。尽管与频率较低的抓取采样相比，高频硝酸盐传感器不会改变季节性时间内的通量估算值，但它们提供了在事件规模下估算硝酸盐通量与风暴大小的能力，这对于此类分析至关重要。嵌套的传感器网络可以增进对负载和网络规模保留控制的理解，因此也可以改善非点源污染的管理。

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