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Where Do Firms Export, How Much and Why?

机译:企业在哪里出口,多少?为什么?

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摘要

Traditional trade theory focused on differences between countries as the principle mechanism behind trade, with all firms within a country treated as identical. In part, this focus reflected data limitations because only country-level trade statistics were available. Since the mid-1990s, however, empirical evidence on the exporting behaviour of individual firms has provided significant insights that have had an important influence on how economists think about international trade. In particular, the findings of Bernard and Jensen (1995, 1999, 2004) that exporters are more productive than non-exporters has stimulated new theoretical research focused on the implications for international trade of heterogeneity in firm productivity. Particularly influential has been the work of Melitz (2003), which provided a tractable model structure in which more productive firms have lower unit costs and so are more likely to overcome the fixed costs associated with trade that prevent other firms from exporting.
机译:传统贸易理论将国与国之间的差异作为贸易背后的主要机制,一国中的所有公司都被视为相同。这种关注部分反映了数据限制,因为只有国家一级的贸易统计数据可用。但是,自1990年代中期以来,有关单个公司的出口行为的经验证据提供了重要的见解,这些见解对经济学家对国际贸易的看法产生了重要影响。尤其是,伯纳德和詹森(Bernard and Jensen,1995,1999,2004)的发现表明出口商比非出口商更具生产力,这激发了新的理论研究,其重点是异质性对企业生产率的国际贸易的影响。 Melitz(2003)的工作尤其具有影响力,该工作提供了一种易于处理的模型结构,其中生产能力更高的公司的单位成本较低,因此更有可能克服与贸易相关的固定成本,从而阻止其他公司出口。

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  • 来源
    《The World Economy》 |2014年第8期|1027-1050|共24页
  • 作者

    Martina Lawless; Karl Whelan;

  • 作者单位

    Central Bank of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland;

    University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;

  • 收录信息
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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