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Induction of melanocytes from embryonic stem cells and their therapeutic potential

机译：胚胎干细胞中黑素细胞的诱导及其治疗潜力

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摘要

Embryonic stem (ES) cells from many organisms have the capacity to generate in vitro a wide variety of cell types depending on their environment. Understanding precisely how such toti- or pluripotent cells may be driven towards a specific lineage represents a major challenge if our ambition of using ES cells to generate a ready supply of healthy cells for cell-based therapies for a range of diseases is to be realized. Recent advances have demonstrated that melanocytes and retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells exhibiting the characteristics of their natural counterparts can be induced from undifferentiated ES cells grown on monolayers of specific stromal cell lines or by using a combination of Wnt3a, Endothelin-3 and SCF. The ability to induce pigment cells from ES cells promises to facilitate our understanding of the precise molecular mechanisms underlying this process and moreover enable us to distinguish the program of gene expression that underpins the choice made between generating a nerual crest-type melanocyte versus an RPE cell. Moreover, once the combination of signals required to induce a particular type of pigment cell are characterized, the way may be open for future cell-based therapy for various diseases caused by defective pigment cells.
机译：来自许多生物体的胚胎干（ES）细胞具有根据其环境在体外产生多种细胞类型的能力。如果要实现我们使用ES细胞来为一系列疾病的基于细胞的疗法提供健康细胞的现成供应的雄心壮志，那么准确地理解如何将这种全能或多能细胞朝特定谱系发展将是一个重大挑战。最近的进展表明，可以通过在特定基质细胞系单层上生长的未分化ES细胞或通过使用Wnt3a，内皮素3和SCF的组合来诱导表现出其天然对应物特征的黑素细胞和视网膜色素上皮（RPE）细胞。从ES细胞诱导色素细胞的能力有望促进我们理解该过程的精确分子机制，而且使我们能够区分基因表达程序，该程序支持在生成神经c型黑素细胞还是RPE细胞之间做出选择。而且，一旦表征了诱导特定类型的色素细胞所需的信号组合，就可能为将来基于细胞的疗法治疗由缺陷色素细胞引起的各种疾病开辟道路。

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