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首页> 外文期刊>Biological Conservation >Motorways and bird traffic casualties: carcasses surveys and scavenging bias.
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Motorways and bird traffic casualties: carcasses surveys and scavenging bias.

机译：高速公路和鸟类交通伤亡：屠体调查和清除偏见。

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摘要

Most survey methods developed to estimate abundance of killed animals on motorways may be biased due to the unequal detectability of carcasses, their persistence time on the lanes, and scavengers activities. Unbiased surveys are needed to evaluate the relationships between bird casualties (mortality), motorways characteristics, and the neighbouring avifauna. The present study conducted on four motorways in France, aimed to evaluate factors affecting persistence and encounter probabilities and variations in scavenging activity to obtain unbiased estimates of bird traffic casualties. Each motorway was surveyed once per season during multiple years and we used capture-recapture methods to estimate detection and carcass persistence rates. Results showed that surveys by car were as efficient as surveys by foot in detecting carcasses on the pavement, but less efficient for carcasses on verges. Passeriformes represented the most numerous casualties, and the Barn Owl (Tyto alba) was the most frequently killed species. Encounter probabilities were constant and high (0.957+or-0.007). Average daily persistence probability was 0.976+or-0.003. Persistence probabilities were higher for large and old carcasses, during summer, and differed between seasons, but were relatively similar between years. Scavenging activities, estimated using experimental carcasses disposed on the safe lanes of motorways, varied between years, seasons, and differed between diurnal and nocturnal periods. A peak in scavenging activity occurred during diurnal periods in spring. Results suggest that surveys must take into account carcass characteristics and seasonal variability to obtain unbiased estimates of road killed birds on motorways, as well as variation in scavenging rates.Digital Object Identifier http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2012.01.019
机译：大多数开发的用于估计高速公路上被杀死动物数量的调查方法可能会因detect体可检测性不同，它们在车道上的持续时间以及清除剂活动而产生偏差。需要进行不偏不倚的调查，以评估鸟类伤亡（死亡率），高速公路特征和附近的动物群之间的关系。本研究在法国的四条高速公路上进行，旨在评估影响持久性和遇到概率和清除活动变化的因素，以获取对鸟类交通伤亡的公正估计。在多年中，每个季节都对每条高速公路进行了一次多年调查，我们使用了捕获-捕获方法来估计检测和cas体持续率。结果表明，在人行道上检测尸体与通过脚踏调查的效率相同，但是对于边缘处的尸体检测效率较低。 Passeriformes伤亡最多，Barn Owl（ Tyto alba ）是最常被杀死的物种。遇到的概率是恒定且较高的（0.957+或-0.007）。平均每日持续性概率为0.976 +或-0.003。大型和老式屠体的持久性概率在夏季较高，并且在季节之间有所不同，但在年份之间相对相似。清除活动是使用布置在高速公路安全车道上的实验尸体估计的，其活动在年，季节之间有所不同，并且在昼夜之间有所不同。在春季的白天，清除活动达到峰值。结果表明，调查必须考虑car体特征和季节变异性，以获得对高速公路上道路致死鸟类的无偏估计以及清除率的变化.Digital Object Identifier http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon .2012.01.019

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