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首页> 外文期刊>Productions Animales >From genetics to genomics. (Numero special Anniversaire: 20 ans de recherches en productions animales a l'INRA.)
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From genetics to genomics. (Numero special Anniversaire: 20 ans de recherches en productions animales a l'INRA.)

机译:从遗传学到基因组学。 (特别周年纪念:在INRA从事动物生产研究20年。)

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This article outlines the main steps and contribution of INRA to the development of genomics, which has revolutionized the knowledge of livestock genome structure and function over the last 2 decades. The development in the 1990s of the first microsatellite marker maps has quickly allowed the first major genes to be localized and numerous quantitative trait loci to be detected. Cytogenetic and comparative genomic studies have allowed livestock genomics to benefit from advances in the knowledge of human and mouse genomes. At the end of the 1990s, the construction of high-density mapping tools such as radiation hybrid maps and large insert libraries has made it possible to develop fine mapping programmes and to identify the first causative mutations. The early 2000s have been marked by the development of systematic gene expression tools such as microarrays and DNA chips, the start of the first animal genome sequencing projects and the rise of genomic databases and bioinformatics. Available sequence data then have made it possible to detect in silico their variations, in particular the numerous single point polymorphisms (SNP) and to finely characterize the structure of livestock population genomes. Genomics has also renewed breeding programmes, with the development of programmes for marker-assisted selection, characterization and management of genetic variability and of parentage control or traceability applications.
机译:本文概述了INRA对基因组学发展的主要步骤和贡献,这在过去20年中彻底改变了牲畜基因组结构和功能的知识。 1990年代第一个微卫星标记图谱的发展迅速使第一个主要基因得以定位,并检测到许多数量性状基因座。细胞遗传学和比较基因组学研究已使牲畜基因组学受益于人类和小鼠基因组知识的进步。在1990年代末,诸如辐射混合图和大型插入库之类的高密度绘图工具的构建使开发精细的绘图程序和识别第一个致病突变成为可能。 2000年代初期,标志着系统基因表达工具(例如微阵列和DNA芯片)的开发,第一个动物基因组测序项目的开始以及基因组数据库和生物信息学的兴起。然后,可用的序列数据使得有可能在计算机上检测其变异,特别是众多单点多态性(SNP),并精细表征牲畜种群基因组的结构。基因组学还更新了育种计划,并开发了用于标记辅助选择,表征和管理遗传变异性以及亲子控制或可追溯性应用的计划。

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