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Examining the neural correlates of emergent equivalence relations in fragile X syndrome

机译：检查脆性X综合征中紧急等价关系的神经相关性

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The neural mechanisms underlying the formation of stimulus equivalence relations are poorly understood, particularly in individuals with specific learning impairments. As part of a larger study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while participants with fragile X syndrome (FXS), and age- and IQ-matched controls with intellectual disability, were required to form new equivalence relations in the scanner. Following intensive training on matching fractions to pie charts (A = B relations) and pie charts to decimals (B = C relations) outside the scanner over a 2-day period, participants were tested on the trained (A = B, B = C) relations, as well as emergent symmetty (i.e., B = A and C = B) and transitivity/equivalence (i.e., A = C and C = A) relations inside the scanner. Eight participants with FXS (6 female, 2 male) and 10 controls, aged 10-23 years, were able to obtain at least 66.7% correct on the trained relations in the scanner and were included in the fMRI analyses. Across both groups, results showed that the emergence of symmetry relations was correlated with increased brain activation in the left inferior parietal lobule, left postcentral gyrus, and left insula, broadly supporting previous investigations of stimulus equivalence research in neurotypical populations. On the test of emergent transitivity/equivalence relations, activation was significantly greater in individuals with FXS compared with controls in the right middle temporal gyms, left superior frontal gyms and left precuneus. These data indicate that neural execution was significantly different in individuals with FXS than in age- and IQ-matched controls during stimulus equivalence formation. Further research concerning how gene-brain-behavior interactions may influence the emergence of stimulus equivalence in individuals with intellectual disabilities is needed. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：刺激等效关系形成的神经机制了解甚少，尤其是在有特定学习障碍的个体中。作为一项较大研究的一部分，我们使用了功能磁共振成像（fMRI），同时要求患有脆性X综合征（FXS）以及年龄和智商相匹配的智障对照参与者在扫描仪中形成新的等价关系。在为期两天的时间里，在扫描仪外部进行了将分数与饼图（A = B关系）和饼图与小数点（B = C关系）匹配的强化训练之后，对参与者进行了受过训练的测试（A = B，B = C ）关系，以及出现的对称性（即B = A和C = B）和传递性/等效性（即A = C和C = A）关系。八名具有FXS的参与者（6名女性，2名男性）和10名年龄在10-23岁之间的对照组能够在扫描仪中获得至少66.7％的正确训练关系，并且包括在fMRI分析中。在这两组中，结果表明对称关系的出现与左下顶叶，左中后回和左岛的大脑激活增加有关，广泛支持以前在神经典型人群中进行的对等刺激研究。在测试出现的传递性/等效性关系时，与右中颞体育馆，左上额额体育馆和左足前肌的对照组相比，具有FXS的个体的激活明显更大。这些数据表明，在刺激等效形成过程中，与年龄和智商匹配的对照组相比，具有FXS的个体的神经执行显着不同。需要进一步研究有关基因-大脑-行为相互作用如何影响智障人士的等效刺激的出现。 （C）2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.保留所有权利。

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