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Treating complex trauma: Critical interventions with adults who experienced ongoing trauma in childhood

机译：治疗复杂的创伤：对在儿童时期经历持续创伤的成年人进行关键干预

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摘要

Complex trauma (CT) most often results from exposure to severe stressors that begin in childhood or adolescence, occur repeatedly, and take place within the caregiver system. Typically, CT involves repeated incidence of maltreatment over an extended period of time (i.e., months or years) that includes emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect, and witnessing family violence. These individuals experience lifelong difficulties related to self-regulation, relationships, psychological symptoms, alterations in attention and consciousness, self-injury, identity, and cognitive distortions. This article focuses on a limited number of interventions related to three clinical issues that are central in treating individuals exposed to CT: alliance repair, developing reflective functioning, and motivational enhancement. Each clinical issue and accompanying interventions includes (a) theoretical foundation and mechanism of change, (b) example verbatim clinical interchanges, and (c) supportive research.
机译：复杂的创伤（CT）通常是由于暴露于严重压力源而造成的，该压力源于儿童或青少年时期开始，反复发生，并发生在看护者系统内。通常，CT涉及在较长时间段（即数月或数年）内反复发生的虐待事件，包括情感虐待，身体虐待，性虐待，忽视和目击家庭暴力。这些人终生遇到与自我调节，人际关系，心理症状，注意力和意识改变，自我伤害，身份和认知扭曲有关的困难。本文重点介绍与以下三个临床问题有关的干预措施，这些干预措施对于治疗接触CT的个体至关重要：同盟修复，发展反射功能和动机增强。每个临床问题和伴随的干预措施包括（a）理论基础和变化机理，（b）逐字逐句临床互换示例，以及（c）支持性研究。

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