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A Relational Framework for Understanding Bullying Developmental Antecedents and Outcomes

机译：了解欺凌发展前因和结果的关系框架

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This article reviews current research on the relational processes involved in peer bullying, considering developmental antecedents and long-term consequences. The following themes are highlighted: (a) aggression can be both adaptive and maladaptive, and this distinction has implications for bullies' functioning within peer social ecologies; (b) developmental antecedents and long-term consequences of bullying have not been well-distinguished from the extant research on aggressive behavior; (c) bullying is aggression that operates within relationships of power and abuse. Power asymmetry and repetition elements of traditional bullying definitions have been hard to operationalize, but without these specifications and more dyadic measurement approaches there may be little rationale for a distinct literature on bullying-separate from aggression. Applications of a relational approach to bullying are provided using gender as an example. Implications for future research are drawn from the study of relationships and interpersonal theories of developmental psychopathology.
机译：本文回顾了有关同龄欺凌的关系过程的最新研究，同时考虑了发展前因和长期后果。突出了以下主题：（a）攻击既可以是适应性的，也可以是适应不良的，这种区别对欺凌者在同伴社会生态系统中的功能产生影响; （b）欺凌的发展前因和长期后果与现有关于攻击行为的研究没有明显的区别; （c）欺凌是在权力和虐待关系内进行的侵略。传统欺凌定义的功率不对称和重复元素很难实施，但是如果没有这些规范和更多的二元测量方法，那么关于欺凌与侵略分开的独特文献可能就没有什么理由。以性别为例，提供了一种针对欺凌的关系方法的应用。对发展心理病理学的关系和人际关系理论的研究对未来的研究产生了影响。

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