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首页> 外文期刊>The American psychologist >Interpersonal Competencies: Responsiveness, Technique, and Training in Psychotherapy
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Interpersonal Competencies: Responsiveness, Technique, and Training in Psychotherapy

机译：人际交往能力：心理治疗中的响应能力，技术和培训

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摘要

Professional practice in psychology is anchored in interpersonal or relational skills. These skills are essential to successful interactions with clients and their families, students, and colleagues. Expertise in these skills is desired and expected for the practicing psychologist. An important but little-studied aspect of interpersonal skills is what Stiles and colleagues (Stiles, Honos-Webb, & Surko, 1998; Stiles, 2009, 2013) have called appropriate responsiveness. In treatment relationships, appropriate responsiveness is the therapist's ability to achieve optimal benefit for the client by adjusting responses to the current state of the client and the interaction. This article was designed to clarify this aspect of responsiveness, showing its links to empathy, illustrating how responsiveness has been detected in controlled clinical trials, discussing how educators and supervisors have worked to enhance students' responsiveness, and considering how appropriate responsiveness has been assessed. The article also discusses the development of skills underlying appropriate responsiveness and the role of stable differences in talent in training of professional psychologists. Notwithstanding other pessimistic reports on psychologists' expertise, demonstrable expertise may exist in the effective, responsive use of these skills in treatment settings. Appropriate responsiveness may be a variety of executive functioning, organizing and guiding the use of many specific competencies. As such it may be a metacompetency, with implications for the design of competency schemes. Key to all of these considerations is the distinction between therapeutic techniques and their responsive use, which involves astute judgment as to when and how to utilize these responses to best effect in the treatment situation.
机译：心理学专业实践以人际关系或关系技巧为基础。这些技能对于与客户及其家人，学生和同事的成功互动至关重要。这些技能的专业知识是实践心理学家所期望和期望的。 Stiles及其同事（Stiles，Honos-Webb和＆Surko，1998年; Stiles，2009年，2013年）称之为人际交往能力的一个重要但很少研究的方面。在治疗关系中，适当的响应能力是治疗师通过调整对服务对象当前状态和交互作用的响应来为服务对象获得最佳利益的能力。本文旨在阐明响应能力的这一方面，显示其与同理心的联系，说明在对照临床试验中如何检测到响应能力，讨论教育者和指导者如何努力提高学生的响应能力，并考虑如何评估适当的响应能力。本文还讨论了适当的响应能力背后的技能发展以及人才稳定差异在专业心理学家培训中的作用。尽管有关于心理学家专业知识的其他悲观报告，但在治疗环境中有效，快速地使用这些技能时，仍可能存在明显的专业知识。适当的响应能力可能是各种行政职能，组织和指导许多特定能力的使用。因此，这可能是一项超能力，对能力计划的设计有影响。所有这些考虑的关键是治疗技术及其有效使用方法之间的区别，这涉及对何时以及如何利用这些响应以在治疗情况下获得最佳效果的明智判断。

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