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首页> 外文期刊>The British Journal of Social Psychology >Milgram's obedience to authority experiments: Origins and early evolution
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Milgram's obedience to authority experiments: Origins and early evolution

机译：米尔格拉姆对权威实验的服从：起源和早期演变

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摘要

Stanley Milgram's Obedience to Authority experiments remain one of the most inspired contributions in the field of social psychology. Although Milgram undertook more than 20 experimental variations, his most (in)famous result was the first official trial run –the remote condition and its 65% completion rate. Drawing on many unpublished documents from Milgram's personal archive at Yale University, this article traces the historical origins and early evolution of the obedience experiments. Part I presents the previous experiences that led to Milgram's conception of his rudimentary research idea and then details the role of his intuition in its refinement. Part 2 traces the conversion of Milgram's evolving idea into a reality, paying particular attention to his application of the exploratory method of discovery during several pilot studies. Both parts illuminate Milgram's ad hoc introduction of various manipulative techniques and subtle tension-resolving refinements. The procedural adjustments continued until Milgram was confident that the first official experiment would produce a high completion rate, a result contrary to expectations of people's behaviour. Showing how Milgram conceived of, then arrived at, this first official result is important because the insights gained may help others to determine theoretically why so many participants completed this experiment.
机译：斯坦利·米尔格拉姆（Stanley Milgram）的《服从权威》实验仍然是社会心理学领域最具启发性的贡献之一。尽管米尔格拉姆进行了20多次实验变体，但他最（最著名的）结果是第一次正式试用-偏僻条件和65％的完成率。本文利用耶鲁大学米尔格拉姆个人档案中许多未发表的文档，追溯了顺从实验的历史渊源和早期演变。第一部分介绍了导致米尔格拉姆对他的基本研究思想构想的先前经验，然后详细介绍了他的直觉在其完善中的作用。第2部分追溯了米尔格拉姆不断发展的观念到现实的转变，并在几次试点研究中特别关注了他在探索性探索方法中的应用。这两个部分都说明了米尔格拉姆特设的各种操纵技术介绍和微妙的张力解决方案。程序上的调整一直持续到Milgram确信第一个正式实验会产生很高的完成率，这与人们对行为的期望相反。显示米尔格拉姆是如何构想并得出第一个正式结果的，这一点很重要，因为所获得的见解可以从理论上帮助其他人确定为什么这么多参与者完成此实验的原因。

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