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首页> 外文期刊>The European Journal of Neuroscience >Subpopulations of cholinergic, GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons in the pedunculopontine nucleus contain calcium-binding proteins and are heterogeneously distributed
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Subpopulations of cholinergic, GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons in the pedunculopontine nucleus contain calcium-binding proteins and are heterogeneously distributed

机译：在小足足突核中胆碱能，GABA能和谷氨酸能神经元的亚群含有钙结合蛋白，且分布不均

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摘要

Neurons in the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) are highly heterogeneous in their discharge properties, their neurochemical markers, their pattern of connectivity and the behavioural processes in which they participate. Three main transmitter phenotypes have been described, cholinergic, GABAergic and glutamatergic, and yet electrophysiological evidence suggests heterogeneity within these subtypes. To gain further insight into the molecular composition of these three populations in the rat, we investigated the pattern of expression of calcium binding proteins (CBPs) across distinct regions of the PPN and in relation to the presence of other neurochemical markers. Calbindin- and calretinin-positive neurons are as abundant as cholinergic neurons, and their expression follows a rostro-caudal gradient, whereas parvalbumin is expressed by a low number of neurons. We observed a high degree of expression of CBPs by GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons, with a large majority of calbindin- and calretinin-positive neurons expressing GAD or VGluT2 mRNA. Notably, CBP-positive neurons expressing GAD mRNA were more concentrated in the rostral PPN, whereas the caudal PPN was characterized by a higher density of CBP-positive neurons expressing VGluT2 mRNA. In contrast to these two large populations, in cholinergic neurons expression of calretinin is observed only in low numbers and expression of calbindin is virtually non-existent. These findings thus identify novel subtypes of cholinergic, GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons based on their expression of CBPs, and further contribute to the notion of the PPN as a highly heterogeneous structure, an attribute that is likely to underlie its functional complexity.
机译：足桥骨核（PPN）中的神经元在放电特性，神经化学标记，连接方式和参与行为过程方面高度异质。已经描述了三种主要的递质表型，胆碱能，GABA能和谷氨酸能，但是电生理学证据表明这些亚型内存在异质性。为了进一步了解大鼠中这三个群体的分子组成，我们研究了跨PPN不同区域的钙结合蛋白（CBP）的表达模式，并与其他神经化学标记物的存在有关。 Calbindin和Calretinin阳性神经元与胆碱能神经元一样丰富，它们的表达遵循尾状尾状梯度，而小白蛋白则由少量神经元表达。我们观察到由GABA能和谷氨酸能神经元表达的CBP高度表达，其中大部分的钙调蛋白和钙调蛋白阳性神经元表达GAD或VGluT2 mRNA。值得注意的是，表达GAD mRNA的CBP阳性神经元集中在延髓PPN中，而尾PPN的特征是表达VGluT2 mRNA的CBP阳性神经元密度更高。与这两个大种群相反，在胆碱能神经元中仅少量观察到了钙调蛋白的表达，而实际上没有钙调蛋白的表达。因此，这些发现基于其CBP的表达鉴定了胆碱能，GABA能和谷氨酸能神经元的新亚型，并进一步促进了PPN作为高度异质结构的概念，该属性可能是其功能复杂性的基础。

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