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首页> 外文期刊>The European Journal of Neuroscience >Functions of gamma-band synchronization in cognition: From single circuits to functional diversity across cortical and subcortical systems
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Functions of gamma-band synchronization in cognition: From single circuits to functional diversity across cortical and subcortical systems

机译：伽玛波段同步在认知中的功能：从单个电路到皮质和皮质下系统的功能多样性

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摘要

Gamma-band activity (30-90 Hz) and the synchronization of neural activity in the gamma-frequency range have been observed in different cortical and subcortical structures and have been associated with different cognitive functions. However, it is still unknown whether gamma-band synchronization subserves a single universal function or a diversity of functions across the full spectrum of cognitive processes. Here, we address this question reviewing the mechanisms of gamma-band oscillation generation and the functions associated with gamma-band activity across several cortical and subcortical structures. Additionally, we raise a plausible explanation of why gamma rhythms are found so ubiquitously across brain structures. Gamma band activity originates from the interplay between inhibition and excitation. We stress that gamma oscillations, associated with this interplay, originate from basic functional motifs that conferred advantages for low-level system processing and multiple cognitive functions throughout evolution. We illustrate the multifunctionality of gamma-band activity by considering its role in neural systems for perception, selective attention, memory, motivation and behavioral control. We conclude that gamma-band oscillations support multiple cognitive processes, rather than a single one, which, however, can be traced back to a limited set of circuit motifs which are found universally across species and brain structures.
机译：在不同的皮层和皮层下结构中观察到了伽马频带活动（30-90 Hz）和神经活动在伽马频率范围内的同步，并与不同的认知功能相关。但是，在整个认知过程中，伽马波段同步究竟是一个通用功能还是多个功能，仍然是未知的。在这里，我们解决这个问题，回顾了伽马波段振荡产生的机理以及与跨多个皮质和皮质下结构的伽马波段活动相关的功能。此外，我们提出了一个合理的解释，说明为什么在大脑结构中无处不在发现伽玛节律。伽马能带活动源自抑制和激发之间的相互作用。我们强调，与这种相互作用有关的伽马振荡起源于基本的功能性图案，这些图案赋予了低级系统处理和整个进化过程中多种认知功能的优势。我们通过考虑γ-带活动在神经系统中的感知，选择性注意，记忆，动机和行为控制的作用来说明其功能。我们得出的结论是，γ波段振荡支持多个认知过程，而不是单个认知过程，但是可以追溯到有限的一组电路图案，这些图案在物种和大脑结构中普遍存在。

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