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首页> 外文期刊>The European Journal of Neuroscience >Glutamatergic clock output stimulates melatonin synthesis at night.
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Glutamatergic clock output stimulates melatonin synthesis at night.

机译：谷氨酸能钟输出在晚上刺激褪黑激素的合成。

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The rhythm of melatonin synthesis in the rat pineal gland is under the control of the biological clock, which is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus (SCN). Previous studies demonstrated a daytime inhibitory influence of the SCN on melatonin synthesis, by using gamma-aminobutyric acid input to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN). Nevertheless, a recent lesion study suggested the presence of a stimulatory clock output in the control of the melatonin rhythm as well. In order to further investigate this output in acute in vivo conditions, we first measured the release of melatonin in the pineal gland before, during and after a temporary shutdown of either SCN or PVN neuronal activity, using multiple microdialysis. For both targets, SCN and PVN, the application of tetrodotoxin by reverse dialysis in the middle of the night decreased melatonin levels. Due to recent evidence of the existence of glutamatergic clock output, we then studied the effect on melatonin releaseof glutamate antagonist application within the PVN in the middle of the night. Blockade of the glutamatergic input to the PVN significantly decreased melatonin release. These results demonstrate that (i) neuronal activity of both PVN and SCN is necessary to stimulate melatonin synthesis during the dark period and (ii) glutamatergic signalling within the PVN plays an important role in melatonin synthesis.
机译：大鼠松果体中褪黑激素合成的节奏受生物钟的控制，该生物钟位于下丘脑的视交叉上核（SCN）。以前的研究表明，通过使用输入到下丘脑室旁核（PVN）的γ-氨基丁酸，SCN对褪黑激素合成具有白天抑制作用。然而，最近的病灶研究表明在褪黑激素节律的控制中也存在刺激性时钟输出。为了进一步研究急性体内条件下的这种输出，我们首先使用多次微透析测量了SCN或PVN神经元活动暂时关闭之前，期间和之后，在松果体中褪黑激素的释放。对于SCN和PVN这两个靶标，在深夜通过逆透析应用河豚毒素可降低褪黑激素水平。由于最近存在谷氨酸能时钟输出的证据，因此我们在深夜研究了PVN内应用谷氨酸拮抗剂对褪黑激素释放的影响。阻断对PVN的谷氨酸能输入显着降低了褪黑激素的释放。这些结果表明：（i）在黑暗时期，PVN和SCN的神经元活性对于刺激褪黑激素合成是必不可少的;（ii）PVN内的谷氨酸能信号在褪黑激素合成中起重要作用。

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