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首页> 外文期刊>The FEBS journal >Single amino acid repeats in signal peptides
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Single amino acid repeats in signal peptides

机译：信号肽中的单个氨基酸重复

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There has been an increasing interest in single amino acid repeats ever since it was shown that these are the cause of a variety of diseases. Although a systematic study of single amino acid repeats is challenging, they have subsequently been implicated in a number of functional roles. In general surveys, leucine runs were among the most frequent. In the present study, we present a detailed investigation of repeats in signal peptides of secreted and type I membrane proteins in comparison with their mature parts. We focus on eukaryotic species because single amino acid repeats are generally rather rare in archaea and bacteria. Our analysis of over 100 species shows that repeats of leucine (but not of other hydrophobic amino acids) are over-represented in signal peptides. This trend is most pronounced in higher eukaryotes, particularly in mammals. In the human proteome, although less than one-fifth of all proteins have a signal peptide, approximately two-thirds of all leucine repeats are located in these transient regions. Signal peptides are cleaved early from the growing polypeptide chain and then degraded rapidly. This may explain why leucine repeats, which can be toxic, are tolerated at such high frequencies. The substantial fraction of proteins affected by the strong enrichment of repeats in these transient segments highlights the bias that they can introduce for systematic analyses of protein sequences. In contrast to a general lack of conservation of single amino acid repeats, leucine repeats were found to be more conserved than the remaining signal peptide regions, indicating that they may have an as yet unknown functional role.
机译：自从显示出单个氨基酸重复是引起多种疾病的原因以来，人们对它的兴趣日益增加。尽管对单个氨基酸重复序列进行系统的研究具有挑战性，但随后它们与许多功能性作用有关。在一般调查中，亮氨酸运行最频繁。在本研究中，我们对分泌的和I型膜蛋白的信号肽与它们成熟部分的重复进行了详细的研究。我们专注于真核生物，因为在古细菌和细菌中单个氨基酸重复通常很少见。我们对100多个物种的分析表明，亮氨酸（而不是其他疏水性氨基酸）的重复在信号肽中过度表达。这种趋势在高等真核生物中最为明显，特别是在哺乳动物中。在人类蛋白质组中，尽管少于所有蛋白质的五分之一具有信号肽，但所有亮氨酸重复的大约三分之二位于这些瞬时区域。信号肽从生长中的多肽链中被早期切割，然后迅速降解。这可以解释为什么在如此高的频率下可以耐受有毒的亮氨酸重复序列。这些瞬时片段中重复序列的高度富集影响了蛋白质的大部分，突显了它们可以为蛋白质序列的系统分析引入的偏见。与通常缺乏单个氨基酸重复序列的保守性相反，发现亮氨酸重复序列比其余信号肽区域保守性更高，表明它们可能具有未知的功能。

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