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首页> 外文期刊>Protoplasma: An International Journal of Cell Biology >Disposal of chloroplasts with abnormal function into the vacuole in Arabidopsis thaliana cotyledon cells
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Disposal of chloroplasts with abnormal function into the vacuole in Arabidopsis thaliana cotyledon cells

机译：将功能异常的叶绿体放入拟南芥子叶细胞的液泡中

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Autophagy is a process in which cell membrane rearrangement allows for the sequestration and degradation of part of the cytoplasm. Many protein components of the autophagic mechanism and their corresponding genes have been identified in yeast cells by molecular genetics, and this has enabled researchers to identify homologues of these genes in mammalian and plant systems. Antophagy is involved in the starvation response in which part of the cytoplasm is degraded in order to produce essential substrates to allow the cell to survive during extreme substrate-limiting conditions However, autophagy may also be important as a quality control mechanism in normal cells. By screening Arabidopsis thaliana TDNA insert mutants, we isolated an A. thaliana mutant that lacks the AtTIC40 gene and found that the cotyledon cells of this mutant contained undeveloped plastids. Moreover, many toluidine-stained particulate structures were found in the vacuoles of these mutant cells. The images from electron microscopy suggested that some of these particulate structures were partially degraded chloroplasts. Furthermore. oil bodies were found in the cotyledon cells of mutant and wild-type plants, which suggests that the mutant seedlings were not "starved" under the experimental conditions. These results may indicate that under nutrient-sufficient conditions, plant cells remove abnormal plastids by autophagy and that this mechanism is involved in the quality control of organelles.
机译：自噬是细胞膜重排允许部分细胞质的隔离和降解的过程。通过分子遗传学已经在酵母细胞中鉴定了自噬机制的许多蛋白质组分及其相应基因，这使研究人员能够鉴定哺乳动物和植物系统中这些基因的同源物。噬菌体参与饥饿反应，其中部分细胞质被降解以产生必需的底物，以使细胞在极端的底物限制条件下存活。然而，自噬也可能作为正常细胞中的质量控制机制而发挥重要作用。通过筛选拟南芥TDNA插入突变体，我们分离了缺少AtTIC40基因的拟南芥突变体，发现该突变体的子叶细胞含有未发育的质体。此外，在这些突变细胞的液泡中发现了许多甲苯胺染色的颗粒结构。电子显微镜的图像表明，这些颗粒结构中的一些是部分降解的叶绿体。此外。在突变型和野生型植物的子叶细胞中发现了油体，这表明在实验条件下，突变型幼苗没有“饥饿”。这些结果可能表明在营养充足的条件下，植物细胞通过自噬去除了异常的质体，并且该机制参与了细胞器的质量控制。

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