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Temperament and typology

机译：气质与类型

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This paper takes a cue from Harvard neuroscientists Jerome Kagan and Nancy Snidman's (2004) comment that Jung's work on typology has remarkable relevance to their research on neurobiological correlates of temperament and develops the links between the theorists separated by almost a century. The paper begins with a brief review of temperament traits in personality psychology. Kagan and Snidman's 11-year longitudinal study is then analysed and correlated with Jung's psychological attitude types of introversion and extraversion, demonstrating that Jung's close empirical observations of human nature fit explicitly with objective measurements of neurobiological sensitivity thresholds and their expression in temperament. Emerging research on neurobiologically sensitive adults and children from Aron (1997, 2004, 2011) and differential susceptibility theory (DST) is presented as extrapolating the same links between temperament and physiological sensitivity found in Jung's introversion and Kagan and Snidman's high-reactive type. The paper concludes with a consideration of the subjective psyche as a necessary aspect to understanding the self and human consciousness as whole.
机译：本文从哈佛大学的神经科学家杰罗姆·卡根和南希·斯尼德曼（Nancy Snidman，2004）的评论中得到启示，荣格在类型学方面的工作与他们对气质的神经生物学相关性的研究具有显着的关联性，并发展了相隔近一个世纪的理论家之间的联系。本文首先简要介绍了人格心理学中的气质特征。然后分析了Kagan和Snidman的为期11年的纵向研究，并将其与Jung的内向和外向的心理态度类型相关联，表明Jung的对人性的亲密实证观察结果与神经生物学敏感性阈值及其在气质中的表达的客观测量结果完全吻合。来自Aron（1997、2004、2011）的对神经生物学敏感的成人和儿童的新兴研究以及微分敏感性理论（DST）被提出来推断在荣格的性格内向与卡根和斯尼德曼的高反应性类型中，气质与生理敏感性之间的相同联系。本文最后考虑了主观心理，将其作为理解整体自我和人类意识的必要方面。

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